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231.
We consider the problem of axiomatizing various natural successor logics for 2-dimensional integral spacetime. We provide axiomatizations in monomodal and multimodal languages, and prove completeness theorems. We also establish that the irreflexive successor logic in the standard modal language (i.e. the language containing and ) is not finitely axiomatizable. 相似文献
232.
We attempt to define the classical propositional logic by use of appropriate derivability conditions called Cn-definitions. The conditions characterize basic properties of propositional connectives. 相似文献
233.
Max A. Freund 《Studia Logica》2001,69(3):351-380
With the past and future tense propositional operators in its syntax, a formal logical system for sortal quantifiers, sortal identity and (second order) quantification over sortal concepts is formulated. A completeness proof for the system is constructed and its absolute consistency proved. The completeness proof is given relative to a notion of logical validity provided by an intensional semantic system, which assumes an approach to sortals from a modern form of conceptualism. 相似文献
234.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - Suppose we get a chance to ask an angel a question of our choice. What should we ask to make the most of our unique opportunity? Ned Markosian has shown that the... 相似文献
235.
On programming KARO agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meyer J-J; de Boer F; van Eijk R; Hindriks K; van der Hoek W 《Logic Journal of the IGPL》2001,9(2):245-256
236.
The aim of this paper is to define a λ-calculus typed in aMixed (commutative and non-commutative) Intuitionistic Linear Logic.
The terms of such a calculus are the labelling of proofs of a linear intuitionistic mixed natural deduction NILL, which is based on the non-commutative linear multiplicative sequent calculus MNL [RuetAbrusci 99]. This linear λ-calculus involves three linear arrows: two directional arrows and a nondirectional one (the
usual linear arrow). Moreover, the -terms are provided with seriesparallel orders on free variables.
We prove a normalization theorem which explicitly gives the behaviour of the order during the normalization procedure.
Special Issue Categorial Grammars and Pregroups Edited by Wojciech Buszkowski and Anne Preller 相似文献
237.
In order to develop an account of scientific rationality, two problems need to be addressed: (i) how to make sense of episodes
of theory change in science where the lack of a cumulative development is found, and (ii) how to accommodate cases of scientific
change where lack of consistency is involved. In this paper, we sketch a model of scientific rationality that accommodates
both problems. We first provide a framework within which it is possible to make sense of scientific revolutions, but which
still preserves some (partial) relations between old and new theories. The existence of these relations help to explain why
the break between different theories is never too radical as to make it impossible for one to interpret the process in perfectly
rational terms. We then defend the view that if scientific theories are taken to be quasi-true, and if the underlying logic
is paraconsistent, it’s perfectly rational for scientists and mathematicians to entertain inconsistent theories without triviality.
As a result, as opposed to what is demanded by traditional approaches to rationality, it’s not irrational to entertain inconsistent
theories. Finally, we conclude the paper by arguing that the view advanced here provides a new way of thinking about the foundations
of science. In particular, it extends in important respects both coherentist and foundationalist approaches to knowledge,
without the troubles that plague traditional views of scientific rationality. 相似文献
238.
Marc Pauly 《Synthese》2007,158(2):233-250
We investigate under what conditions a given set of collective judgments can arise from a specific voting procedure. In order
to answer this question, we introduce a language similar to modal logic for reasoning about judgment aggregation procedures.
In this language, the formula
expresses that is collectively accepted, or that is a group judgment based on voting. Different judgment aggregation procedures may be underlying the group decision making.
Here we investigate majority voting, where holds if a majority of individuals accepts, consensus voting, where holds if all individuals accept, and dictatorship. We provide complete axiomatizations for judgment sets arising from all three aggregation procedures. 相似文献
239.
Sebastiaan A. Terwijn 《Studia Logica》2007,85(3):319-332
We define a variant of the standard Kripke semantics for intuitionistic logic, motivated by the connection between constructive
logic and the Medvedev lattice. We show that while the new semantics is still complete, it gives a simple and direct correspondence
between Kripke models and algebraic structures such as factors of the Medvedev lattice.
Presented by Daniele Mundici 相似文献
240.
There has been considerable work on practical reasoning in artificial intelligence and also in philosophy. Typically, such
reasoning includes premises regarding means–end relations. A clear semantics for such relations is needed in order to evaluate
proposed syllogisms. In this paper, we provide a formal semantics for means–end relations, in particular for necessary and
sufficient means–end relations. Our semantics includes a non-monotonic conditional operator, so that related practical reasoning
is naturally defeasible. This work is primarily an exercise in conceptual analysis, aimed at clarifying and eventually evaluating
existing theories of practical reasoning (pending a similar analysis regarding desires, intentions and other relevant concepts).
“They were in conversation without speaking. They didn’t need to speak. They just changed reality so that they had spoken.”
Terry Pratchett, Reaper Man 相似文献