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721.
We make a proposal for formalizing simultaneous games at the abstraction level of player’s powers, combining ideas from dynamic
logic of sequential games and concurrent dynamic logic. We prove completeness for a new system of ‘concurrent game logic’
CDGL with respect to finite non-determined games. We also show how this system raises new mathematical issues, and throws light
on branching quantifiers and independence-friendly evaluation games for first-order logic. 相似文献
722.
This article identifies problems with regard to providing criteria that regulate the matching of logical formulae and natural
language. We then take on to solve these problems by defining a necessary and sufficient criterion of adequate formalization.
On the basis of this criterion we argue that logic should not be seen as an ars iudicandi capable of evaluating the validity or invalidity of informal arguments, but as an ars explicandi that renders transparent the formal structure of informal reasoning. 相似文献
723.
William Craig 《Synthese》2008,164(3):333-339
Work on how to axiomatize the subtheories of a first-order theory in which only a proper subset of their extra-logical vocabulary
is being used led to a theorem on recursive axiomatizability and to an interpolation theorem for first-order logic. There
were some fortuitous events and several logicians played a helpful role. 相似文献
724.
脑的逻辑功能的核磁共振成像及其哲学意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
张寅生 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(11)
国际上关于逻辑对应的脑物理特征的功能核磁共振成像(fMRI)研究的主要成就在于:建立了高级精神活动和低级神经活动的关联关系的试验方法;提出了高级精神活动的(判断和推理)神经计算模型建立方法。这些研究的实验结果表明,逻辑与神经活动具有确定性的对应关系,它证明了强人工智能的观点:导致意识的可验证的实体(或者称为“意识关联物”)就是意识本身。意识的运行方式是可计算的,思维的本质可以还原为机械性的操作步骤,人工智能和人的天然智能在本质上并无二致。 相似文献
725.
The role of a genetic counselor often entails providing education to patient, community and/or health professional groups.
While counseling supervision assists genetic counselors to be reflective about their clinical work and to enhance clinical
skills, evaluation is a rather analogous process in the provision of education. Program evaluation of education activities
can be applied to provide information about the needs of the target group (needs assessment), the delivery of the program
(process evaluation) as well as determining the extent to which the education activity has met its intended aims (summative
evaluation). Evaluation assists the educator to assess the impact of their program and provides an evidence base about genetics
education. Although program evaluation can be a complex activity, the tools are ones that can be used by individuals to evaluate
single or simple education activities. The components of evaluation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling practice
and three very different examples of actual evaluations are provided to illustrate the diversity of evaluation strategy and
programs to which it can be applied. 相似文献
726.
The paper outlines an approach to the formal representation of signalling conventions, emphasising the prominent role played therein by a particular type of normative modality. It is then argued that, in terms of inferencing related to this modality, a solution can be given to the task J.L. Austin set but failed to resolve: finding a criterion for distinguishing between what Austin called constatives and performatives. The remainder of the paper indicates the importance of the normative modality in understanding a closely related issue: reasoning about trust in communication scenarios; this, in turn, facilitates a clear formal articulation of the role of a Trusted Third Party in trade communication. 相似文献
727.
The paper proposes a logical systematization of the notion of counts-as which is grounded on a very simple intuition about what counts-as statements actually mean, i.e., forms of classification. Moving from this analytical thesis the paper disentangles three semantically different readings of statements of the type “X counts as Y in context c”, from the weaker notion of contextual classification to the stronger notion of constitutive rule. These many ways in which counts-as can be said are formally addressed by making use of modal logic techniques. The resulting framework allows for a formal characterization of all the involved notions and their reciprocal logical relationships. 相似文献
728.
729.
Smorti A 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(2):224-232
Discussing Faiciuc’s paper, I first tackle the problem of fallacies in deductive reasoning showing how, in a possible world
theory, non correct forms of reasoning can be useful strategies for discovery, providing these strategies remain at a hypothesis
level. Secondly, everyday reasoning and its specificity in comparison to logical-normative one are analyzed. This topic stresses
the notion of interpretation and, in this context, the role of the community and of cultural canons shared by the subject.
From this point of view, reasoning does not occur, only, in the brain of a person but in everyday exchanges occurring between
individuals and the history of their community.
相似文献
Andrea SmortiEmail: |
730.