新中国成立初期针灸推广实施路径与历史经验研究——以中央人民政府卫生部针灸疗法实验所为中心

新中国成立初期,在统一战线和发挥中医作用的要求下,针灸推广作为一项卫生工作被提上日程。中央人民政府卫生部针灸疗法实验所率先开展这项工作,开创了“理论学习+临床实习”的短期人才培训模式,在国内部分地区有计划、有组织地训练了一批针灸师资力量,并尝试通过实验研究为针灸推广提供科学理论支持。针灸疗法实验所推广针灸的工作为今后针灸推广在全国范围内进一步开展提供了可靠的人才培养模式,积累了宝贵经验,也是过渡时期中医力量参与新中国卫生事业建设的典型例证。

     

在家庭和国家之间：医护人员疫情支援实践的权衡机制探究

基于对10名疫情期间曾支援前线的医护工作者的深度访谈,并结合对网络平台相关文本的内容分析,旨在透过新家庭主义视角,致力于探讨医护人员在面对家庭与国家二者关系时的矛盾与张力,呈现其支援实践中形成家国平衡的文化与社会逻辑,从而探究其做出“舍小家、为大家”的支援实践的行为机制和合理性基础。研究认为,医护人员支援实践的抉择是受到多方因素影响、在医护人员进行综合考量下的结果。这一权衡过程主要体现为国家在场的驱动与感召、家庭弥散渗透下的调适和个人个体主义的出现。

     

当代中国医学伦理学再启程的基础与方向探微

当代中国医学伦理学是指始于中国20世纪80年代初以来这一领域的发展历史和现状。40多年来,中国医学伦理学在医学伦理文化和医学伦理理论与实践等各方面取得的成就,为中国医学伦理学的再启程形成了坚实的基础。再启程是学科发展的一个时代性课题。今天学科所面对的是完全不同于过去的背景和境遇,中国社会高速发展驱动下的医学科技进步以及医学社会化步伐的加快,带来传统与崭新伦理问题的叠加,再启程成为对学科发展的必然要求。

     

“三亲婴儿”培育技术的伦理辩护及反思

“三亲婴儿”培育技术是首次在辅助生殖领域对生殖细胞进行干预的技术, 引起了极大的伦理争议, 如冲击传统伦理、亵渎人的尊严、潜在技术风险、促使道德滑坡。从冲击传统伦理的技术未必不道德, 人的尊严只有在社会关系中才能获得, 未知的未来不能成为抑制当代技术的理由等维度对“三亲婴儿”培育技术进行伦理辩护, 并从“三亲胚胎”的地位、线粒体替代技术的安全性、我国对“三亲婴儿”培育技术的态度三个方面对“三亲婴儿”培育技术的发展进行反思。     

辅助生殖技术随访工作中的伦理原则探讨

随着人类辅助生殖技术 (assisted reproductive technology, ART) 的发展, 术后进行的定期随访工作在ART中的伦理学问题不断凸显, 有必要对其重视及规范。从伦理原则角度探讨了ART随访工作中存在的诸多伦理学问题, 即个人隐私权保护的缺失、知情同意的形式化、医源性多胎的伦理困境等。保密互盲、知情同意、保护患者、保护后代等伦理原则监督和规范ART近期及远期随访工作, 对于引导人类辅助生殖技术健康发展, 具有重大现实意义。     

Developmental Delays at Arrival,Early Intervention Enrollment,and Adopted Chinese Girls’ Academic Performance and Internalizing Problems in Adolescence

The author investigated the extent of developmental delays in girls adopted from China, their subsequent early intervention (EI) enrollment, and how the delays and EI were related to their academic performance and internalizing problems in adolescence. The sample included 180 adolescent girls (M = 13.4 years, SD = 2.0 years) who were adopted at 3–23.5 months (M = 11.5 months, SD = 3.7 months). Data on the adopted Chinese girls’ delays at arrival and EI enrollment in physical therapy (PT) and speech–language therapy (SLT) were collected from the adoptive mothers at the Baseline; data on the adopted Chinese girls’ present academic performance and internalizing problems were collected from the adoptive mothers and adopted girls at Wave 4 six years later. Data analyses revealed that 55% of the adoptees had moderate-to-severe delays when first arrived at the adoptive homes. Motor delays significantly increased the odds for PT (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, 95% CI [2.18, 7.82], p <.001) and SLT (OR = 2.36, 95% CI [1.50–3.72, p <.001). Social-cognitive delays also significantly increased the odds for PT (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.36, 2.63], p <.001) and SLT (OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.22, 2.17], p <.001). Motor delays were negatively associated with academic performance but positively associated with internalizing problems. General linear modeling showed that the adoptees who had developmental delays at arrival and subsequently enrolled in EI scored significantly lower on academic performance than their peers who had delays but did not enroll in EI, as well their peers who had no delays and did not enroll in EI. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

图形项目记忆与位置来源提取的ERP研究

采用事件相关电位（ERP）方法研究大学生图形项目记忆与位置来源提取新/旧效应的时、空分布特征。学习屏幕左侧（或右侧）呈现的图形后在屏幕中央呈现某一测验项目（已学图形或新图形）,对受试者进行两类测验：其一是判断该项目是否已学过;其二是将从某侧学过的测验项目判断为目标,而将其它测验项目判断为非目标的来源测验（排除任务）。实验结果表明：图形位置来源提取比项目再认新/旧效应的头皮分布更广,持续时程更长;与前人相同实验范式的研究结果相比,本研究位置来源提取效应的头皮分布范围较广;非目标-旧图形与目标图形新/旧效应的头皮激活程度不同。上述结果说明：图形位置来源提取比项目再认激活的大脑区域更多,这与双重加工模型的观点一致;实验范式和来源知觉的特性共同调节来源记忆新/旧效应的时、空分布特征;意识水平对来源信息提取的新/旧效应存在一定的影响     

‘I download my prayer schedule’: exploring the technological mediation of Islamic religious practice at work

The practice of daily prayers in Islam and how observances such as Ramadan fall each year follow specific solar or lunar calendars different from the Gregorian calendar of UK work places. Identifying the time for daily prayers and finding a place to practise is a skilled activity requiring ways to ascertain the correct (and changing) time and a place in which prayer can take place. In the absence of traditional mediation such as the call to prayer broadcast from a local mosque, new, often technologically innovative, approaches are being adopted. This paper reports on a study of how Muslims practise and negotiate the difficulties of performing daily prayers in a UK university. Though technological mediation is a significant aspect of daily prayers, it is but one part of a complex practice which often involves multiple technologies and multiple ways of working.     

萨顿的新人文主义及其意义

萨顿提出的新人文主义观,分析批判了科学与人文的分裂对立,指出科学人性化是科学与人文融合的方法,其人性化的科学现有利于我们今天深度解读、审视医学的人性化,张扬价值理性,在实践中克服目前医学异化的倾向,开掘医学和人文融合的路径,实现医学人性化的真正回归。