Nano-ethics as NEST-ethics: Patterns of Moral Argumentation About New and Emerging Science and Technology

There might not be a specific nano-ethics, but there definitely is an ethics of new & emerging science and technology (NEST), with characteristic tropes and patterns of moral argumentation. Ethical discussion in and around nanoscience and technology reflects such NEST-ethics. We offer an inventory of the arguments, and show patterns in their evolution, in arenas full of proponents and opponents. We also show that there are some nano-specific issues: in how size matters, and when agency is delegated to smart devices. Our overall approach is a pragmatist ethics, and we conclude that struggle (and learning) might be more productive than models emphasizing consensus.

瑞文测验项目认知难度因素分析及LLTM拟合验证

该文在以认知和测量相结合为特征的新一代测验理论的指导下,针对项目刺激特征,对影响瑞文测验项目认知难度的因素进行了分析,提取出图块繁简度、整体布局、变化维度和题序等4个因素,然后应用线性逻辑潜在特质模型（LLTM）对这四个因素进行了拟合检验,结果证明提取出的四个因素是有效的。文章还进一步探讨了研究结果在智力测验中的应用。     

哈贝马斯科技伦理观述评——哈贝马斯《作为"意识形态"的技术与科学》解读

哈贝马斯关于科学技术执行着意识形态的职能的思想,进一步发展了霍克海默和马尔库塞的科学伦理思想。同时这又是他试图进行历史唯物主义“重建”的序曲。哈贝马斯通过对韦伯的合理化的伦理观进行解析和批判,提出了交往关系的伦理解释框架,辨析了科学技术意识形态化的社会制度背景,并认为,只有随着资本主义生产方式的出现,制度框架的合理性才能直接同社会劳动系统联系在一起。科学技术成为第一位的生产力使国家干预活动的增加,同时技术与科学具有意识形态的作用。哈贝马斯揭示了晚期资本主义社会科学技术发展的新动向,也可以引发我们对科学技术的合理应用的思考。然而,在哈贝马斯关于科学技术意识形态化的批判中,的确存在着方法论的误区。     

MEMORY ALTERING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE CAPACITY TO FORGIVE: WESTWORLD AND VOLF IN DIALOGUE

I explore the impact of memory altering technologies in the science fiction drama (2016–2020) in order to show that unreconciled altered traumatic memory may lead to a dystopian breakdown of society. I bring Miroslav Volf's theological perspectives on memory into conversation with the plot of Westworld in order to reveal connections between memory altering technologies and humanity's responsibility to remember rightly. Using Volf's theology of remembering as an interpretive lens, I analyze characters’ inability to remember rightly while recalling partial memories of their trauma. In virtue of this examination, I contend that memory altering technologies may inhibit individuals from relational processes of healing, such as forgiveness. Consequently, I argue that this study leads to a richer understanding of the potential that memory altering technologies have for undermining humanity's ability to interact in a relational capacity, specifically in terms of forgiveness.     

成体干细胞可塑性研究中的若干哲学思考

随着干细胞生物学研究的不断深入,成体干细胞被发现可以分化成组织来源与其无关的其他系统的细胞,即成体干细胞的可塑性.但是最近不断有学者对其提出质疑,认为可塑性可能是与"细胞融合"或成年组织中的"多潜能成年祖细胞"有关.面对可塑性上两种截然相反的观点,我们在热切关注其研究进展的同时,也引发了一连串的哲学思考.     

国外科研人员管理研究综述

文章评论了国外科研人员管理的近期文献。对Badawy（1988）在他早期文献评论中认定的4类研究进行了更新：人力资源计划、奖励科研人员、赞赏科研人员的成绩和职业管理。还讨论了6种影响科研人员管理方式的新方向：跨功能团队、领导科研人员、知识管理、人口结构多样性、电子及其他技术和对外办事。基于这些文献的最新论述，介绍了今天在商业环境下领导科研人员的10个方面。     

Business ethics and computer ethics: The view from Poland

An Aristotelian approach to understanding and teaching business ethics is presented and defended. The newly emerging field of computer ethics is also defined in an Aristotelian fashion, and an argument is made that this new field should be called “information ethics”. It is argued that values have their roots in the life and practices of a community; therefore, morality cannot be taught by training for a special way of reasoning. Transmission of values and norms occurs through socialization — the process by which an individual absorbs not only values but also the whole way of life of his or her community. It follows that business ethics and information ethics can be considered kinds of socialization into a profession: role learning and acquiring a new self-identification. This way of understanding fields of applied ethics is especially important for their proper development in Central-Eastern Europe because of endemic factors which are the result of recent political developments there.     

BIRDS, BARBOUR, AND BOATS

Abstract. Ian Barbour in the second volume of his Gifford Lectures makes a significant contribution to environmental ethics. Worthy of scrutiny are his views on the relation of technology to the environment, on the distinction between nature and culture, on the problem of hierarchical thinking, and on the notion of sustainability. His integrated approach is a model for how we must relate to nature.     

THINKING TOWARD A FUTURE

Abstract. Ian Harbour's Ethics in an Age of Technology provides an indispensable overview of the field of ethics and technology—an overview that gives balanced views informed by science, philosophy, and religion and that provides encyclopedic coverage of a variety of issues and methods typical to them. Barbour makes communication possible between two fields often at odds in our culture. Part 2 of the book relates the values introduced in Part 1 to three specific areas of technology: agriculture, energy, and computers. The book pays superficial attention to gender issues. Its focus is on planet Earth; the universe and models of the future are only implicit.