我国医疗失效模式与效应分析的应用现状及问题

医疗失效模式与效应分析（HFMEA）是目前较为先进的前瞻性预防医疗风险的方法,强调对整个流程潜在医疗风险的量化及“事前预防”。本研究通过文献计量分析发现,国内HFMEA的研究和应用主要集中在护理操作、手术操作、给药流程以及医疗设备管理等方面,尚处于起步阶段,研究论文的数量较少、研究主题多集中在护理风险管理领域且研究方法不够科学。今后应顺应医疗风险管理的趋势,更科学、有效地开展更多HFMEA研究及应用工作,逐步建立健全医疗风险监测和预警机制,提高医疗安全。     

Towards a Psychology of Rural Development Processes and Interventions

A psychosocial approach to rural development and development interventions, which we designate as ‘psychology of rural development’ (PsyRD), does not yet exist as an area of research or intervention within the field of psychology or development studies, even though rural development is in part obviously shaped by psychosocial factors. Thus, in this discussion paper, we argue the need for PsyRD, explore how it may provide new insights and tools for analysis vis‐à‐vis rural development scenarios and issues of social equity and outline the shape that, in our view, such a psychology should take. First, the multiple dimensions of rural development and the many practical problems faced by rural development agents contain strong psychosocial elements that require contributions from psychology. Yet at the same time, the psychological literature on this topic contains many limitations and biases, which leads us to, in the second part of the paper lay the groundwork for a PsyRD that focuses on the importance of adopting a critical and interdisciplinary approach capable of dealing with complexity and multidetermination. Finally, we conclude by outlining the challenges of PsyRD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

催眠定义探新：以恍惚为特色的深度沟通

综述催眠发展史上主要催眠观点,归纳其激活、意境、灵活、具身及整合等基本特征,继而提出催眠是一种以恍惚为特色的深度沟通的新定义,认为催眠本质上是一种沟通,恍惚是其特色,深度与恍惚相结合有助于界定催眠。未来应加强与认知神经科学、精神分析以及中国传统文化等的融合研究。     

The Thought of Building a Human Community with a Shared Future: Inheritance and Innovation to Marx’ s Thought of Community

Marx’s thought of community has experienced three stages in logic and is rooted in the social fundamental contradictions between productive forces and universal communication in content. It reflects the evolution of history into world history and human’s free and all-round development tending towards the unity of individuals and communities. Faced with the profound changes never seen in a century, the thought of building a human community with a shared future inherits and carries forward Marx’s idea of community in three aspects, i.e., the practice of building a social community, the ultimate focus on human destiny, and the grand vision of promoting historical development in human society. In addition, under the historical context of socialism and capitalism coexisting, the thought of building a human community with a shared future creates and shows a new state of Marx’s idea of community in three aspects, namely, dimension remodeling, path reshaping, and value reinterpretation. It presents a new model for historical significance and human civilization of a world of openness, probability and promise to promote the transformation from the modern society to a human society.     

生成性绘图与合作对高中生科学知识学习的影响

生成性绘图是学习心理学中一种有效的学习策略,能够促进学习者对科学文本知识的表征和深层理解。目前关于学习者生成性绘图的研究主要集中在个体学习领域,很少有研究探讨合作学习中生成性绘图的作用。本研究将合作学习与学习者生成性绘图相结合,探讨生成性绘图和合作对高中生科学知识学习的影响。实验1采用单因素(绘图、阅读)被试间设计来验证生成性绘图对学习效果以及认知负荷等主观体验的影响;实验2采用2(合作、个体)×2(绘图、阅读)被试间设计来探讨合作与生成性绘图对学习效果和学习者主观体验的影响。研究表明,生成性绘图和合作都可以有效促进高中生科学知识的学习效果;生成性绘图能够降低学习者的内在认知负荷;合作能够降低学习者的内在和外在认知负荷,提高学习者的相关认知负荷和学习兴趣。     

« Docteur,pourrais-je avoir une copie du certificat ? » Étude pluricentrique concernant l’application des décrets du 31 mars 2021 et du 23 novembre 2021

On 31 March 2021, a decree was published in the Official Journal concerning the procedures for the delivery of medical certificates to victims of violence. These victims can now obtain a copy of the certificate drafted by the doctor required by the judicial authorities, particularly as regards medical examiners.PurposeThe aim of our study was to assess the impact of the March 31, 2021 decree on victims’ requests to the medical examiner for a copy of the medical certificate.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among three forensic services receiving victims in consultation, using a paper questionnaire linked to Medlé data, over a three-month period.ResultsOf the 1,492 consultations conducted during the study period, a copy of the certificate was only given to the victim in 13.1 % of the consultations. It was requested spontaneously by the victim in 15.2 % of cases, most often to exercise his right (46.4 %). These were primarily consultations following an accident, psychological abuse, and assault. This copy was requested spontaneously by less than 3 % of victims of domestic violence. There was some disparity between the three centres regarding the minor victim.ConclusionThis study is a small sample over a short period. The information of the victims, especially of domestic violence, on access to the copy of the medical-legal certificate seems still insufficient, and the principle of surrender, when it can help the victim in his efforts, can also be a source of confusion.     

Poly Implant Prothèse : en l’absence de responsabilité de l’État,quelle indemnisation possible ?

With two decisions dated November 16th 2020, the French administrative Highest court (“Conseil d’État”) has compromised the possibility for PIP's victims to demonstrate the deficiency of the National medicines agency (ANSM) in its duty of health control. Those decisions transpose to medical devices already well-established principles, used for other healthcare products. There are of interested because they give the Highest court the opportunity to precisely detail the qualification of the facts. Although the consequences for the victims seem to be only of symbolic value, the scope of the solution is not limited to the liability of the State. By reducing the number of potential liable persons, those decisions also seem to jeopardize the compensation of the victims by the national solidarity funds.     

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF INFANT INTERSEX: THE JURIDICO‐ETHICAL DILEMMA OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL RESPONSE

Technological advances in the field of medicine and health sciences not only manipulate the normal human body and sex but also provide for surgical and hormonal management of hermaphroditism (intersexuality). Consequently, sex assignment surgery has not only become a standard care for babies born with genital abnormalities in the West but even in some Muslim states. On the positive side, it goes a long way in saving children born with abnormal genitalia from numerous legal interdictions of the pre‐sex corrective surgery. Nevertheless, the larger ethical and legal questions that medical management of genital abnormality raises to some extent have not been adequately appreciated by contemporary Muslim responses. This article, therefore, in principle argues against surgical management of intersexuality during early infancy from the Islamic legal perspective.