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211.
212.
This article presents a review of studies that have investigated the neuropsychological effects of antiretroviral treatment
(ART) for HIV-1 infection. It provides a brief overview of the era of monotherapy, dual-therapy, and an extended overview
of the current era of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). This review highlights that while CART has had a dramatic
effect on the incidence and the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), HAND, in its mild form, still
remains prevalent. New causes of this sustained prevalence are poor CNS penetration of some antiretroviral agents, drug resistance,
poor adherence, potential neurotoxicity, co-morbidities such as the long-term CART side effects in relation to cardio-vascular
disease, and chronic HIV brain infection that may facilitate the expression of new forms of neurodegenerative processes. The
review emphasizes the need to address methodological limitations of published studies and the need for large and representative
cross-disciplinary longitudinal investigations across the HIV illness span. 相似文献
213.
Li Li Chunqing Lin Guoping Ji Stephanie Sun Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):93-101
In China, HIV shifts the lifestyle of not only parents living with HIV/AIDS, but also their children, partners, and extended
families. We examined factors related to the quality of life of parents living with HIV and the relation between family functioning
and individual quality of life. Interviews were conducted with a total of 116 parents living with HIV/AIDS. Analyses of variance,
Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between family functioning and
quality of life. We found a significant association between family functioning and individual quality of life for parents
living with HIV. In particular, family sociability had a strong relationship with the quality of life of parents living with
HIV. Parents living with HIV from families where both parents are HIV-positive reported a lower level of family sociability
than those from families with only one HIV-positive parent. HIV disclosure, family sociability, and number of children per
family were found to be significant predictors of overall quality of life for the population. Study findings underscore the
importance of developing interventions that improve family functioning for people living with HIV/AIDS in China. 相似文献
214.
Leoniek M. Kroneman Rolf Loeber Alison E. Hipwell Hans M. Koot 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):259-273
Although a number of reviews of gender differences in disruptive behavior and parental socialization exist, we extend this
literature by addressing the question of differential development among girls and by placing both disruptive behavior and
parenting behavior in a developmental framework. Clarifying the heterogeneity of development in girls is important for developing
and optimizing gender-specific prevention and treatment programs. In the current review, we describe the unique aspects of
the development of disruptive behavior in girls and explore how the gender-specific development of disruptive behavior can
be explained by family linked risk and protective processes. Based on this review, we formulate a gender-specific reciprocal
model of the influence of social factors on the development of disruptive behavior in girls in order to steer further research
and better inform prevention and treatment programs. 相似文献
215.
Debra Srebnik 《Journal of child and family studies》1999,8(4):397-408
I describe service provider perspectives regarding outcome goals of children's day treatment and their ideas for how to make day treatment programs successful in achieving stated outcomes. Respondents were direct service staff from ten day treatment programs in one county in Washington state. Data were obtained through nominal group process methods. The primary outcome goals of day treatment reported were: community re-integration, improved adaptive functioning skills, psychological growth, and improved family functioning. Aspects of day treatment that may help achieve outcome targets included: team quality; comprehensive programming; a consistent, safe, accepting program environment; an individualized, developmental approach; linkages with other services; family involvement, and a low staff-to-client ratio. Outcome goals are discussed relative to those described within the research literature on children's mental health services. Implications for the use of outcome goals for quality improvement are described. 相似文献
216.
David Faust 《Neuropsychology review》1991,2(3):205-231
Despite its future promise, neuropsychological evidence generally lacks scientifically demonstrated value for resolving legal issues, and thus, if admitted into court, should be accorded little or no weight. In support of this contention, examples of problems and limits in forensic neuropsychology are described. These include contrasts between the clinical and forensic context; the base-rate problem; lack of standardized practices; problems assessing credibility or malingering; difficulties determining prior functioning, limits in the capacity to integrate complex data; and the lack of relation between judgmental accuracy and education, experience, or credentials. Some possible counterarguments are also addressed. 相似文献
217.
This longitudinal study tested Bowen theorys assumption that stressors in the interdependent multigenerational family influence variation in nuclear family functioning. Forty-nine newly developing nuclear families and their multigenerational families were studied over five years. Quantitative analysis demonstrated an association between the perceived impact of multigenerational stressors and variation in nuclear family functioning. Multigenerational stressors, as compared to individual or nuclear family stressors, had a stronger association with nuclear family functioning. The stress response was manifested in symptomatic outcomes of the nuclear family emotional process. Generally, the number of stressors and the total impact of stressors increased over time, stressors in some years associated with functioning in subsequent years, nuclear family-of-origin stressors demonstrated a decreasing association over time, and developing nuclear family stressors demonstrated a somewhat increasing association over time. 相似文献
218.
The present study investigated the associations among perceived adherence to the system of care philosophy, changes in internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and consumer satisfaction with services. Participants included 98 families, interviewed at two time points across a one-year period. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that the more a child and family perceived services to be consistent with the system of care philosophy, the greater their level of satisfaction with services and the fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviors they reported one year after receiving services (controlling for initial levels of problem behaviors). Implications for children’s mental health service delivery are offered. 相似文献
219.
The Macro Theory of Positive Functioning integrates key aspects of the Self-Determination Theory and the Broaden and Build Theory. The theory posits a model that provides new perspectives on the development of positive characteristics. The Macro Theory proposes that higher levels of intrinsic motivation and basic needs satisfaction as described by the Self-Determination Theory result in high levels of positive affect (consisting of emotions such as joy). The Broaden and Build Theory proposes that high levels of positive affect result in a broadening of perspective resulting in more engagement with opportunities and relationships, which builds beneficial cognitive and behavioural resources and skills. Such resources and skills may manifest as positive characteristics described and studied in the positive psychology approach. These characteristics include self-compassion, self-efficacy, empathy, emotional intelligence, and character strengths. High levels of these characteristics may result in optimal functioning. Results from model testing with concurrent data designs as well as experimental designs provide initial support for the Macro Theory. 相似文献
220.
Hsing-Fang Hsieh Ritesh Mistry Michael J. Kleinsasser Namrata Puntambekar Prakash C. Gupta Trivellore Raghunathan William McCarthy David Córdova Gaurab Maharjan Maruti B. Desai Sameer Narake Mangesh S. Pednekar 《Family process》2023,62(1):287-301
Research on family functioning within given cultural contexts is needed. This study aims to describe salient dimensions of family functioning in two urban contexts in India and to examine differences in family functioning by sociodemographic groups. We measured differences in family functioning using cross-sectional survey questionnaire data collected from 13 to 15-year-old adolescents and one of their parents/primary caregivers in Mumbai (n = 843) and Kolkata (n = 913) during 2019–2020. We drew a multi-stage sample representative of neighborhoods and households in both cities. We assessed a multi-dimensional family functioning latent factor that included parent-reported measures (parent–adolescent communication, family cohesion, and parent monitoring of peers) and adolescent-reported measures (parent support, family cohesion, and parent supervision). Our results support an overall measure of family functioning manifested by multiple dimensions for parent- and adolescent-reported data. Families with male adolescents had worse adolescent-reported family functioning in Mumbai and parent-reported family functioning in Kolkata. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with better parent-reported family functioning in both cities and better adolescent-reported family functioning in Kolkata. Muslim religious identification in Kolkata and the Hindi native language in both cities were associated with better adolescent-reported family functioning. Our findings indicate heterogeneity in family functioning across demographic and social-cultural groups within the two urban contexts of India. This study may inform the development of culturally congruent prevention interventions for families with adolescents in India. 相似文献