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911.
In Jensen's theme paper she did an excellent job of outlining and explaining ways in which motor developmentalists can use the tools of biomechanics and engineering to address research questions. We extend her thorough efforts in two ways. First, we highlight the communication value provided by the precision of biomechanics terminology, and second, we reinforce the need to embed motion (the kinematics and kinetics) in context and function in order to understand the complexity of behaviour. We illustrate how one biomechanical tool, mechanical models, can facilitate this and provide insight to the development of control. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
912.
青老年组不同难度下心算活动的脑功能磁共振成像研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用功能磁共振成像技术研究不同心算难度下脑区的活动以及年龄的影响。14名志愿者(20~29岁青年和60~69岁老年被试各7名)参加了该实验。实验任务为2个难度水平的连续减法心算,分别为1000—3和1000—17。结果表明:(1)心算加工激活了额叶和顶叶的许多脑区;(2)大脑左半球是心算加工的优势半球,但随着心算难度加大,大脑一侧化程度下降,而年老加剧了这一趋势;(3)青年组进行简单心算(1000—3)时,额中回未见明显激活,而老年组进行简单心算时,该脑区被明显激活。总体上,额叶和顶叶在心算活动中起着重要作用,而任务难度和年龄对心算加工时脑活动的影响以额中回区最为明显。 相似文献
913.
Daniel David Julie Schnur Alexandra Belloiu 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2002,20(2):93-131
One study examined the hypothesized status of appraisal and irrational beliefs relative to attributions, as proximal antecedents of emotion. In our study, which looked at 4 pairs of functional and dysfunctional negative emotions (i.e., concern/anxiety, sadness/depression, remorse/guilt, annoyance/anger), undergraduates (N = 120) reported on their attributions, appraisal, irrational beliefs, and emotions during past encounters associated with various negative events. Congruent with both Smith and Lazarus' (1993) appraisal theory and Ellis' (1994) cognitive theory of emotion, the results of this study indicate that the emotions (both functional and dysfunctional negative emotions) were more directly associated with appraisal and with irrational beliefs (dysfunctional negative emotions only) than they were with attributions. Also, irrational beliefs were strongly associated with appraisal; while demandingness (DEM) was associated more with primary appraisal, awfulizing/catastrophizing, low frustration tolerance, and global evaluation of human worth (including self-downing) were associated more with secondary appraisal. Dysfunctional emotions seem to involve primary appraisal associated with DEM while functional emotions involve primary appraisal associated with preferences. These findings lend to support the status of appraisal and irrational beliefs as the proximal cognitive antecedents of emotion and the status of irrational beliefs as a differencing factor between functional and dysfunctional emotions. 相似文献
914.
研究对203名脑卒中患者的家庭照料者进行了问卷调查,以探讨患者的功能独立性对家庭照料者负担感的作用机制。结果显示,82.3%脑卒中患者的家庭照料者有明显的负担感;患者的功能独立性与家庭照料者的负担感显著负相关;来自患者的社会支持在患者功能独立性与家庭照料者负担感之间起中介作用,而来自患者之外的社会支持则起调节作用。结果表明,在家庭照料负担的干预实践中,应注意区分来源不同的社会支持及其作用机制。 相似文献
915.
916.
Recent advances in data recording technology have given researchers new ways of collecting on-line and continuous data for
analyzing input-output systems. For example, continuous response digital interfaces are increasingly used in psychophysics.
The statistical problem related to these input-output systems reduces to linking time-varying covariates to a continuous response
variate. Using real-time data obtained from an experiment in psychoacoustics, we showcase new statistical tools that incorporate
dynamical elements of an input-output system. We employ functional data analysis (FDA) methods and a simple differential equation
to analyze and model the continuous responses. Furthermore, we outline the issues involved in analyzing input-output systems
when the exact form of the underlying mathematical model is not known. Finally, we develop a calibration method to facilitate
inter-subject and intra-subject comparisons.
This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to J. O. Ramsay and
to D. J. Levitin, and by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) to D. J. Levitin.
We would like to thank Bennett Smith for designing and implementing the software used to conduct the pitch tracking experiment.
Also, we wish to thank the research assistants in the Levitin Laboratory involved in the data collection: Catherine Chapados,
Andrew Schaaf and Carla Himmelman. We would also like to acknowledge Giles Hooker’s work on implementing the generalized profiling
software used within this paper. 相似文献
917.
918.
Self‐injurious behavior (SIB) that occurs at high rates across all conditions of a functional analysis can suggest automatic or multiple functions. In the current study, we conducted a functional analysis for 1 individual with SIB. Results indicated that SIB was, at least in part, maintained by automatic reinforcement. Further analyses using protective equipment (i.e., a helmet with face shield) revealed an attention function for the SIB. 相似文献
919.
This study sought to examine the effects of training mands on the emergence of tacts with the same response forms. Results indicated that training adjective sets as mands resulted in the emergence of adjective sets as tacts under modified, but not standard, antecedent conditions. The findings suggested that the apparent functional independence of mands and tacts may be explained by a lack of appropriate antecedent control over responding. 相似文献
920.