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891.
Jay Harding David P. Wacker Linda J. Cooper Thomas Millard Paula Jensen-Kovalan 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(2):291-300
Seven parents conducted assessments in an outpatient clinic using a prescribed hierarchy of antecedent and consequence treatment components for their children's problem behavior. Brief assessment of potential treatment components was conducted to identify variables that controlled the children's appropriate behavior. Experimental control via a brief reversal was achieved for 6 of the 7 children, (1 child continued to behave appropriately following initial improvement in behavior). For these 6 children, improved behavior occurred with changes in treatment components. Our results extend previous studies of direct assessment procedures conducted in outpatient clinic settings. 相似文献
892.
Jennifer R. Zarcone Brian A. Iwata Jodi L. Mazaleski Richard G. Smith 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1994,27(4):649-658
Previous research on applications of behavioral momentum has indicated that a high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence, in which a series of instructions for which there is a high probability of compliance is presented immediately before an instruction for which there is a low probability of compliance, is an effective method for increasing compliance. It is not dear, however, whether the procedure is effective when individuals actively attempt to escape from the instructional situation. In this study, we examined the effects of the high-p sequence, when implemented first alone and then later with an extinction component, as treatment for the self-injurious escape behavior of 2 individuals. Results showed that when the instructional sequence was implemented without extinction, rates of self-injury increased and percentage of compliance decreased. In addition, the percentage of trials occasioning escape behavior increased for both high- and low-probability instructions. When an extinction component was added to the high-p sequence, rates of self-injury and the percentage of trials containing self-injury decreased, and compliance increased. These findings suggest that extinction may be an important component of treatment when escape behavior such as self-injury accompanies noncompliance in instructional contexts and competes with compliant behavior. 相似文献
893.
Edwina S. Uehara David T. Takeuchi Michael Smukler 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(1):83-99
The Asian American population comprises historically, socially, and culturally diverse ethnic groups. Given this diversity,
investigators caution that combining disparate ethnic groups together may lead to erroneous conclusions. Whether by choice
or necessity, however, mental health studies still typically consider Asian Americans as a single ethnic category rather than
as separate ethnic groups. Few investigations have addressed the consequences of this practice. This paper examines the implications
of conceptualizing Asian Americans as an ethnic category versus ethnic groups, in an investigation of the community functioning
status of clients in publicly funded mental health programs in King County, Washington. When treated as a single ethnic category
in a multivariate linear regression model, Asian Americans are found to have a lower level of functioning difficulty than
their white counterparts. However, when treated as separate ethnic groups (e.g., Vietnamese, Japanese), only one of five Asian
ethnic groups has a significantly lower level of difficulty. In a separate analysis of the Asian American subsample, groups
are found to differ significantly from one another with respect to functional status. Several factors, including refugee status,
account for this difference. 相似文献
894.
895.
Tim Blakeslee M.A. George Sugai Ph.D Jerry Gruba B.A. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1994,4(4):397-413
We reviewed the extent and variety of functional assessment procedures used in behavioral intervention studies. The contents of six research journals dating from 1986 to 1992 were searched for articles describing single-subject intervention studies that targeted problematic social behaviors. Articles meeting this initial criteria were examined to determine if a functional assessment was conducted. If so, the various procedures comprising the functional assessment, types of interventions conducted, and demographic characteristics of study participants were recorded for each study. Results are compared to similar reviews of research dating from 1980–1985. Potential reasons for the paucity of studies incorporating functional assessment procedures are discussed. Finally, directions for future research and applied practice are provided. 相似文献
896.
The relationship between predictability and problem behavior for students with severe disabilities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two single-case studies were conducted to examine the extent to which signaled (predictable) and unsignaled (unpredictable) events were associated with changes in the level of problem behavior during instruction. Two students with moderate-to-severe intellectual disabilities and autism participated in the study. Each student was nominated for the study based on a teacher's report that problem behaviors were much more likely when novel or unsignaled events occurred. Functional assessments were conducted with each student and the specific predictability features (signals) associated with low and high levels of problem behavior were identified. Multi-element and reversal designs were employed to examine the extent to which increased predictability was associated with reduced problem behavior. Results supported the use of functional assessment procedures to determine whether signals that provide information about the content, duration, timing, and/or consequences of future events could reduce problem behaviors. 相似文献
897.
898.
Susan Chapman Wayne Fisher Cathleen C. Piazza Patricia F. Kurtz 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1993,26(2):255-256
Few data exist on operant mechanisms associated with drug overdose. In this investigation, a functional analysis indicated that life-threatening drug ingestion exhibited by a dually diagnosed youth was maintained by negative reinforcement. An operant intervention, derived from behavioral assessment data, reduced drug ingestion to near-zero levels. 相似文献
899.
Two studies analyzed the effects of preceding setting events on the problem behavior of students with severe disabilities. Using ABAB withdrawal designs, the occurrence versus nonoccurrence of preceding setting events was analyzed in relation to the frequency of problem behavior. Data were collected throughout a student's school day, with interventions focusing upon the elimination of setting events that occurred before school. The results indicate that (a) the occurrence of preceding setting events was related to higher frequencies of problem behavior and (b) interventions designed to eliminate preceding setting events were consistently associated with low frequencies of problem behavior. 相似文献
900.
David P. Wacker Mark W. Steege John Northup Gary Sasso Wendy Berg Thomas Reimers Linda Cooper Karla Cigrand Lisa Donn 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1990,23(4):417-429
We evaluated the separate treatment components of a functional communication training program for 3 severely handicapped persons who each displayed different topographies of aberrant behavior. Following a functional analysis of maintaining conditions for inappropriate behavior (self-injury, stereotypy, aggression), each participant was trained to emit a communicative response that functioned to solicit reinforcement. For 2 participants, consequences (time-out or graduated guidance) for inappropriate behavior were also included. Treatment continued until the participants emitted the communicative response independently and no occurrences of inappropriate behavior were observed for at least two sessions. Following treatment, the separate contributions of the treatment components for communicative responding and for inappropriate behavior were evaluated with a reversal design. The results indicated that both sets of treatment components were necessary for maximal control over aberrant behavior. These results are discussed in relation to the efficiency, history, and control over reinforcement of both appropriate and inappropriate responses. 相似文献