Sensory Processing Sensitivity Moderates the Relationships Between Life Skills and Depressive Tendencies in University Students1

University students often experience depressive symptoms, and strengthening of life skills may be beneficial for improving their mental health. Several studies have suggested that life skills effective in reducing depressive tendencies vary by individuals depending on differences in sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). SPS is a genetically determined trait characterized by sensitivity and reactivity to environmental stimuli. This study investigated the relationship between life skills and depressive tendencies based on individual differences in SPS. A total of 868 Japanese university students (mean age = 19.8 years, SD = 1.3 years) completed a questionnaire measuring levels of SPS—decision-making, interpersonal relationships, effective communication, and emotional coping skills—and depressive tendencies. Hierarchical multiple regression and simple slopes analyses indicated that interpersonal relationship skills were negatively correlated with depression regardless of SPS levels. Furthermore, decision-making skills were negatively correlated with depressive tendencies only in low-SPS students. Emotional coping skills were negatively correlated with depressive tendencies in high-SPS students. These results may help universities incorporate SPS levels when creating life-skills-based interventions for students.     

When lending an ear turns into mistreatment: An episodic examination of leader mistreatment in response to venting at work

Venting—an emotion‐focused form of coping involving the discharge of negative feelings to others—is common in organizational settings. Venting may benefit the self via the release of negative emotion, or by acting as a catalyst for changes to problematic work situations. Nonetheless, venting might have unintended consequences via its influence on those who are the recipients of venting from others. In light of this idea, we provide a theoretical explanation for how leaders in particular are affected by venting receipt at work. Drawing from the transactional model of stress, we theorize that venting tends to be appraised as a threat, which triggers negative emotion that, in turn, potentiates deviant action tendencies (i.e., interpersonal mistreatment). Yet, our theory suggests that not all leaders necessarily experience venting in the same way. Specifically, leaders with higher need for cognition are less influenced by surface‐level cues associated with others’ emotional expressions and find challenging interpersonal situations to be less aversive, thereby attenuating the deleterious effects of receipt of venting. In an experience sampling study of 112 managers across 10 consecutive workdays, we find support for our theoretical model. Altogether, our findings provide insight into the costs incurred when leaders lend an ear to those who vent, which can result in negative downstream consequences.     

苔花盛开如牡丹？农村留守儿童负性生活事件与心理健康的关系

以1368名农村留守儿童为被试,通过问卷调查探讨农村留守儿童的负性生活事件与心理健康的关系,并检验心理韧性、同伴依恋的链式中介作用。结果发现：（1）农村留守儿童负性生活事件与其心理健康呈负相关关系,心理健康在性别、民族、年级和父母外出状况上差异显著;（2）农村留守儿童负性生活事件不仅能直接预测其心理健康,而且还通过同伴依恋、心理韧性发挥链式中介作用。     

受害者公正敏感性对生活满意度的影响:上行社会比较和妒忌的中介作用

采用整群抽样法对福建省三所大学的638名大一至大四学生进行问卷调查,探讨受害者公正敏感性与生活满意度的关系,以及上行社会比较和妒忌在二者关系中的作用机制。结果表明： （1）在控制了性别、年龄后,受害者公正敏感性、上行社会比较和妒忌两两之间呈显著正相关,且三者均与生活满意度呈显著负相关;（2）受害者公正敏感性主要通过妒忌的单独中介作用对生活满意度产生影响,同时还会通过上行社会比较和妒忌的链式中介作用对其生活满意度产生影响,但该链式中介作用微弱。本研究揭示了受害者公正敏感性与生活满意度的关系及其作用机制,为引导大学生降低因受害者公正敏感性而对生活满意度产生的负面影响,更好地促进自身心理健康发展提供了建议。     

自我反思对智慧的影响：有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对1019名大学生进行调查,考察意义寻求在自我反思与智慧之间的中介作用以及生活事件对这一中介过程的调节作用。结果显示：(1)自我反思显著正向预测智慧;(2)意义寻求在自我反思与智慧之间起部分中介作用;(3)意义寻求的中介作用受到生活事件的调节,生活事件调节了自我反思通过意义寻求影响智慧这一中介过程的后半路径。因此,自我反思对智慧的影响是有调节的中介效应。     

情绪对饮食行为的影响

人类的饮食行为受到诸多因素的影响, 包括生理因素、心理因素及社会文化因素等, 其中情绪对饮食行为的影响日益受到研究者的重视, 这种影响一般表现为摄入量的多少和食物(热量)的选择。通过探讨不同情绪下临床和非临床个体食物摄入量的表现, 总结发现消极情绪导致个体暴饮暴食的可能更大。积极情绪影响下的饮食行为的研究结果则存在分歧: 生理角度解释为积极情绪能够促进个体的享乐机制, 导致进食行为增加; 而自我控制理论则认为积极情绪增加了个人资源以抵制美食诱惑。此外, 进一步探讨了情绪影响下饮食行为的神经生理机制。未来在饮食相关的临床研究和治疗上, 需要对情绪影响下的饮食行为有更深入的神经机制方面的探究。     

品牌消费旅程中消费者的认知心理过程——神经营销学视角

品牌消费旅程通常指的是对于品牌消费服务的多维度(包括认知, 情绪, 感觉, 行为和品牌关系)响应。揭示品牌消费旅程的认知心理过程是目前营销学领域之中研究的重点与热点。在梳理当前神经营销领域内有关功能性核磁共振(fMRI)、事件相关电位(ERP)、事件相关震荡(ERO)的相关研究成果后, 将消费者在品牌消费旅程之中的认知心理进程划分为注意吸引、决策形成、消费体验和品牌忠诚四个阶段, 并系统阐述了每个阶段之中消费者心理进程的神经机制与脑区活动, 进而全面立体地揭示消费心理的全貌。未来研究可以进一步探索不同神经指标在具体营销情境下的表征意义, 并结合超扫描技术进一步解析多个被试间的神经耦合情况。     

消极元刻板印象激活对老年人认知表现的影响

本研究以59名老年人为研究对象,采用N-back认知任务探讨在不同难度的认知负荷任务中老年人消极元刻板印象激活的认知效应。结果发现：1、消极元刻板印象激活组的正确率显著低于未激活组;高认知负荷任务组的正确率显著低于低认知负荷任务组。2、消极元刻板印象激活组的反应时显著长于未激活组;高认知负荷任务组的反应时显著长于低认知负荷任务组;组别与任务难度之间交互作用达到边缘显著,在低认知负荷任务中,消极元刻板印象激活组和未激活组的反应时差异不显著,在高认知负荷任务中,消极元刻板印象激活组的反应时显著长于未激活组。上述结果表明,老年人消极元刻板印象的激活导致了负面的认知效应。     

负性生活事件与儿童反应性攻击性之间的关系:一个有多重中介变量的结构方程模型

以977名9~14岁学生为对象,探索负性生活事件与儿童反应性攻击性之间的关系。研究使用了反应性与主动性攻击性问卷、Rosenberg自尊量表、青少年生活事件量表、艾森克人格问卷(儿童版)–情绪稳定性维度问卷,建立了以自尊和情绪稳定性作为中介变量,描述负性生活事件与反应性攻击性之间关系的结构方程模型。结果发现,负性生活事件可直接影响儿童反应性攻击性的形成,同时还可以通过改变情绪稳定性来影响反应性攻击性,即当负性生活事件发生时,情绪状态会倾向于不稳定,进而提高反应性攻击性的水平。此外,负性生活事件也会通过降低自尊水平来提高情绪状态的不稳定性,从而提高反应性攻击性的水平。