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151.
An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Gretchen M. Spreitzer 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):601-629
A comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace posits that empowerment mediates the relationship between
the social structural context and behavioral outcomes. The social structural context is operationalized as perceptions of
role ambiguity, sociopolitical support, access to strategic information and resources, and work unit culture, whereas behavioral
outcomes are operationalized as innovativeness and effectiveness. The model is examined on a sample of 324 middle managers
from different units of a Fortune 50 organization. Survey data are examined using a series of regression analyses to assess
the mediating effect of intrapersonal. Results suggest that intrapersonal empowerment mediates the relationship between some
elements of workplace social structure and innovativeness, but not effectiveness. Although not a mediating mechanism for effectiveness,
intrapersonal empowerment is nonetheless directly related to effectiveness (as assessed by the respondent's subordinates).
Implications of the results are discussed as are study limitations and directions for future research.
This paper is based on the author's dissertation, presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the doctoral degree
at the University of Michigan. I am grateful to my dissertation committee which included Robert E. Quinn (chair), Susan Ashford,
Richard Bagozzi, Karl Weick, and Marc Zimmerman for their thoughtful guidance. Thanks is also extended to Neil Sendelbach
for his help in facilitating data collection. The University of Michigan and the University of Southern California both provided
financial support for this research. This paper was prepared while the author was a Zumberge Fellow at the University of Southern
California. 相似文献
152.
153.
句子先提述的参与者在可提取性上的优势现象 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
下述五个实验就汉语句子成分(包括句子的参与者及其动作)的提述次序对其可提取性的影响进行了研究,结果表明:(1)句子先提述的参与者比后提述的参与者容易被提取,提述的次序对参与者的可提取性有明显影响。(2)先提述参与者的这种优势与句子呈现的方式有一定的关系。(3)在系列呈现的条件下,先提述参与者的易提取性与探测词呈现的延迟间隔有关。(4)在系列呈现的条件下,参与者以名词形式出现时,被试的反应速度较快,而参与者以名字的形式出现时,反应则较慢;在同时呈现的条件下这种差异基本消失。(5)句子参与者的行动(即句子的动词)的提述次序对其可提取性也有明显的影响,说明提述次序对句子成分的可提取性的影响,不只限于句子参与者本身。 相似文献
154.
155.
156.
The MRG was published 1988 in order to support developments in group psychotherapy methods as one of the all too few process observation research methods for studying group-as-a-whole. After 9 years of what pilot studies have labeled successful clinical trials, this study aims at validating the MRG against the established SAVI: Structural Analysis of Verbal Interaction (Agazarian & Simon 1989). Videotaped group sessions from short-term groups for alcohol dependent patients conducted along two therapy methods, one behaviorally oriented and the other group analytic, are used as material. The MRG is validated in the study, confirmed to be clinically valuable, and some interesting comparisons between the two treatment modalities are also made. 相似文献
157.
Sharon A. Deacon BA 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1996,18(4):549-565
The structure of businesses and the structure of families are very similar, considering the fact that so many businesses are owned or operated by families. Structural family therapists who are knowledgeable in systems theory and have an adequate understanding of the underlying concepts of structural family theory (including hierarchy, boundaries, and coalitions) can translate their knowledge to the structure of businesses and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the similarities between the structures of families and businesses. In doing so, an application of structural family theory to the business world (employee assistance programs, business consultation, and family businesses) will be demonstrated. 相似文献
158.
C. L. M. Carnrike Jr. Lance M. McCracken James E. Aikens 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1996,3(1):57-67
Some aspect of psychosocial criteria is commonly utilized by most transplant programs in assessing candidates' acceptability for transplantation. However, regardless of the assessment methodology, information obtained in pretransplant assessments may be limited given the evaluative nature of the assessment as well as the sensitive nature of the contents. Indeed, transplant candidates may present themselves in a favorable fashion, minimizing any negative traits or psychological dysfunction which they perceive might prevent transplantation. Unfortunately, there are limited data addressing the extent to which transplant candidates may present themselves in an overly positive light. This investigation surveys the prevalence of social desirability in lung transplant candidates as well as its association with self-reports of perceived stress. Further, the relationship between social desirability and interviewer ratings of transplant candidacy is examined. Subjects included 24 patients in end-stage organ failure being evaluated for lung transplant candidacy. Subjects completed the Perceived Stress Scale and a brief version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Additionally, subjects were interviewer-rated on the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation. Results indicate social desirability is a prevalent phenomenon in lung transplant candidates, with more than half of the sample scoring at or above the 84th percentile on the social desirability measure. Further, self-reports of perceived stress are moderately and inversely associated with social desirability (r=–.55,p .01). Social desirability was unrelated to interviewer-ratings of transplant candidates acceptability (r=.13,p .56). Future research might include larger samples of subjects, other organ transplant candidates, and more detailed assessments of symptom distress. 相似文献
159.
William Bechtel 《Cognitive Science》1985,9(4):473-497
One of Dennett's principal arguments for an instrumentalistic construal of intentional attributions (e.g., attributions of belief, etc.) is that such attributions are environment relative. I argue that one can and should adopt a realist perspective toward such attributions, but accommodate their environmental relativity by treating intentional properties as relational properties. By doing so one acquires a useful perspective on experimental cognitive psychology; in particular, one can overcome the temptation to treat ecological accounts and information processing accounts as incompatible alternatives and come to see them as mutually supportive. Treating intentional properties as relational may be counter-intuitive, but I provide examples of how other sciences have had to treat what seem to be intrinsic properties as relational. 相似文献
160.
Willem A. Wagenaar Gideon B. Keren 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1985,36(3):406-416
The question addressed in this study is whether experts are better calibrated than lay people. We investigated how well people are calibrated when they assess the probabilities of card combinations in the game of blackjack. Three groups of subjects were used: professional dealers, statistical experts, and control subjects. The results showed that experience and statistical expertise do not make people better calibrated in this task. It is argued that the concept of calibration is not wholly appropriate to describe the obtained deviations from the normatively correct responses. This is illustrated by a discriminant analysis performed on the signed deviation scores, which resulted in an almost perfect separation of the three groups, although they were overlapping with respect to calibration. 相似文献