Nostalgia for America's past can buffer collective guilt

This research examined when, and for whom, American collective nostalgia can relieve feelings of collective guilt. In the Pilot Study, path analyses revealed that national glorification is associated with collective nostalgia, and collective nostalgia is associated with lower collective guilt. Our experimental studies test the role of these variables in determining responses to the elevated salience of past ingroup harm doing. Collective nostalgia was associated with lower collective guilt especially after reminders of America's harm doing in Study 1 . In Study 2 we predicted and showed that reminders of American harm doing would evoke spontaneous collective nostalgia for participants high in national glorification. The remaining studies tested the hypothesis that collective nostalgia serves to buffer collective guilt. Collective guilt was lower after reminders of past harm doing for participants who engaged in collective nostalgia ( Study 3 ), and this was especially pronounced for participants high in national glorification ( Study 4 ).     

Analytic Confidence and Political Decision‐Making: Theoretical Principles and Experimental Evidence From National Security Professionals

When making decisions under uncertainty, it is important to distinguish between the probability that a judgment is true and the confidence analysts possess in drawing their conclusions. Yet analysts and decision‐makers often struggle to define “confidence” in this context, and many ways that scholars use this term do not necessarily facilitate decision‐making under uncertainty. To help resolve this confusion, we argue for disaggregating analytic confidence along three dimensions: reliability of available evidence, range of reasonable opinion, and responsiveness to new information. After explaining how these attributes hold different implications for decision‐making in principle, we present survey experiments examining how analysts and decision‐makers employ these ideas in practice. Our first experiment found that each conception of confidence distinctively influenced national security professionals' evaluations of high‐stakes decisions. Our second experiment showed that inexperienced assessors of uncertainty could consistently discriminate among our conceptions of confidence when making political forecasts. We focus on national security, where debates about defining “confidence levels” have clear practical implications. But our theoretical framework generalizes to nearly any area of political decision‐making, and our empirical results provide encouraging evidence that analysts and decision‐makers can grasp these abstract elements of uncertainty.     

Dental pain related to quality of life and mental health in South Korean adults

High levels of stress, anxiety and depression have been reported in patients with orofacial pain. Dental pain has the potential to reduce quality of life (QOL), and pain relief is important aspect of QOL. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships of dental pain with QOL and mental health using a nationally representative, population-based study. This study analyzed data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 5469). Oral health status was assessed using the oral health questionnaire, and oral examination was performed by trained dentists. Health-related QOL (HRQOL) was evaluated using EQ-5D and EQ-VAS, and mental health was evaluated by questionnaires. Logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 5469 adults, 1992 (36.42%) presented self-reported dental pain. Participants with anxiety/depression or pain/discomfort, and participants with stress, melancholy, suicidal thought or depression showed significantly higher prevalence of dental pain. After adjusting for covariates, five aspects of QOL and five aspects of mental health were related with dental pain. The AORs (95% CI) for dental pain were 1.39 (1.06–1.81) for mobility, 1.77 (1.19–2.63) for self-care, 1.38 (1.02–1.85) for usual activities, 1.73 (1.43–2.09) for pain/discomfort and 1.50 (1.13–1.98) for anxiety/depression. For mental health status factors, the AORs (95% CI) for dental pain were 1.29 (1.11–1.51) for stress, 1.37 (1.09–1.74) for melancholy, 1.26 (1.01–1.58) for suicidal thoughts, 1.43 (.93–2.19) for consultation to psychiatrist and 1.53 (1.07–2.19) for depression. This study showed that dental pain has an association with lower HRQOL and worse mental health status in South Korean adults.     

Race and Nation: How Racial Hierarchy Shapes National Attachments

We contend that the boundaries and nature of national attachments are shaped by the position of one's group within America's racial order, with higher status yielding more racially exclusive forms of identity. We test our claims in the realm of xenophobia. Using an original survey of African Americans (n = 1,000) and Whites (n = 1,000), we assess national pride, nationalism, nativism, and racial identity, plus affect toward various immigrant groups. We establish that national attachments have racially varied meanings, thereby producing sharp differences in each racial group's response to foreigners. Although national pride is unrelated to White antipathy toward outsiders, nationalism and nativism increase White hostility to immigrants—except when they are White. In contrast, national pride diminishes African American hostility to Black and non‐Black immigrants, while nativism is generally unrelated to Black antipathy to outsiders. Finally, while nationalism heightens xenophobia among Blacks, this sentiment envelops all foreigners—including African immigrants. We discuss our results' implications for theories of national attachment in intergroup settings.     

心理健康素质测评系统·情绪性素质全国采样调查报告

应用《国人心理健康素质调查表·情绪性分量表》对全国28个省、市、自治区6433名成年人的情绪特质进行了调查。结果发现:(1)男性在镇定性方面强于女性,而女性的情绪表达性高于男性。(2)中年人的情绪表达性强于青年人和老年人。(3)初中文化程度被试的情绪表达性和镇定性不如高中、大专及以上文化程度的被试。(4)城市户口人群的情绪的镇定性和表达性强于农村户口人群。(5)年龄与受教育程度在愉悦性、镇定性和量表总分上存在交互作用,其中大专以上学历的老年组被试在上述指标的得分最高。(6)性别和年龄在表达性上存在交互作用,其中中年女性被试最善于表达情绪。     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人人际健康素质全国采样调查报告

采用《心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人人际健康素质量表》对全国六大行政区域28个省(自治区、直辖市)的6386名成年人进行了调查。结果表明:(1)我国成年人人际健康素质整体发展状态良好;(2)成年人人际健康素质存在显著的性别、年龄段、城乡来源和受教育程度差异;(3)成年人人际健康素质各维度的发展趋势与整体趋势基本相似,同时又呈现出不同的变化特征。     

12种少数民族大学生成就动机与成功恐惧的研究

运用成就动机问卷和投射测验研究了12种447名少数民族大学生的成就动机与成功恐惧。结果表明:少数民族男大学生的成就动机和追求成功的动机强于女生,避免失败的动机弱于女生。其成功恐惧主要与人际关系、家庭、学业和事业有关。性别未对其成功恐惧产生显著影响。其避免失败的动机与成功恐惧呈显著负相关。     

Graduate attributes of the 4‐year Australian undergraduate psychology program

This paper outlines the background, process and outcomes for a project that delineated a set of graduate attributes of the 4‐year Australian undergraduate psychology program. The nature of the current undergraduate psychology program and its quality assurance system is described, followed by a consideration of current issues in psychology education and training. The processes involved in delineating the six graduate attributes (i.e., knowledge and understanding, research methods, critical thinking, values, communication, and application) are then described. Some issues and suggestions related to their implementation are then outlined. Finally, the authors summarise what has been accomplished in delineating the graduate attributes, and what still needs to be achieved.