从文本表达看易、老、孔、医的同源性

《老子》、《论语》和《内经》等经典的文本表达呈现出共性:篇与篇、段与段甚至句与句之间看似缺乏逻辑衔接但却是一个有机整体。这种表达方式受到《易经》卦与卦、爻与爻排列方式的直接影响。其文本特征为:指点、叙述(呈现)和互文见义。共同的文本表达方式是易、老、孔、医同源性的又一重要表现。     

兼顾两种匹配的考试抄袭统计量研究评述

考试抄袭统计量是专门用于识别抄袭的统计指标。它们是以被怀疑抄袭者和抄袭来源匹配反应的数目为基础建立的,按其考虑的匹配反应信息可分为两类:一类只考虑被怀疑抄袭者和抄袭来源间的错误答案匹配;另一类同时考虑两者错误答案匹配和正确答案匹配。由于第一类抄袭统计量对那些只从抄袭来源处抄袭正确答案的抄袭者检测不敏感,所以存在缺陷;第二类抄袭统计量兼顾两种匹配,考虑的信息更全面。s2、g2、ω是具有代表性的第二类抄袭统计量,它们在测量理论基础、被怀疑抄袭者和抄袭来源的异常相似反应模式确定方法及考试抄袭检测效能等方面存在差异,在抄袭识别应用中应合理选择。     

Gaze tracking patterns on different types of traffic risk in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease

Many fatal accidents are caused by the driver’s inability, upon the occurrence of sudden events, to detect hazards in time, an ability that is based on the driver’s eye movement patterns, the detection of involved persons, events, objects, as well as the length of time spent on noticing same. This study intends to compare risk perception and decision-making in high-risk traffic situations between individuals with AD and controls by exploring gaze tracking and hazard detection patterns. The study included 16 individuals with early-stage AD and 26 controls. During the experiment, participants underwent several vision and cognitive tests and watched twelve videos of high-risk traffic situations while their eye movement patterns were being recorded by the eye tracking device, in order to understand how cognitive abilities affect eye movement patterns during high-risk traffic situations. The results revealed poorer cognitive abilities and diminished risk perception in individuals with AD compared with the controls and thus an inability to predict potential accidents. In terms of high-risk traffic situations involving pedestrians, traffic violations by others and view-blocking events, a significant difference in gaze patterns was found between individuals with AD and healthy seniors. The contribution of this study is in elaborating the effect of different traffic event type and specific cognitive abilities on traffic risk-detection in individuals with AD. The results of this study may aid in the formulation of driver licensing policies and the design of traffic scenarios; they also elucidate the driving behaviors of individuals with AD.     

Fisher transformation based confidence intervals of correlations in fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis

Meta-analyses of correlation coefficients are an important technique to integrate results from many cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs. Uncertainty in pooled estimates is typically assessed with the help of confidence intervals, which can double as hypothesis tests for two-sided hypotheses about the underlying correlation. A standard approach to construct confidence intervals for the main effect is the Hedges-Olkin-Vevea Fisher-z (HOVz) approach, which is based on the Fisher-z transformation. Results from previous studies (Field, 2005, Psychol. Meth., 10, 444; Hafdahl and Williams, 2009, Psychol. Meth., 14, 24), however, indicate that in random-effects models the performance of the HOVz confidence interval can be unsatisfactory. To this end, we propose improvements of the HOVz approach, which are based on enhanced variance estimators for the main effect estimate. In order to study the coverage of the new confidence intervals in both fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis models, we perform an extensive simulation study, comparing them to established approaches. Data were generated via a truncated normal and beta distribution model. The results show that our newly proposed confidence intervals based on a Knapp-Hartung-type variance estimator or robust heteroscedasticity consistent sandwich estimators in combination with the integral z-to-r transformation (Hafdahl, 2009, Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol., 62, 233) provide more accurate coverage than existing approaches in most scenarios, especially in the more appropriate beta distribution simulation model.     

Remarkable properties for diagnostics and inference of ranking data modelling

The Plackett-Luce model (PL) for ranked data assumes the forward order of the ranking process. This hypothesis postulates that the ranking process of the items is carried out by sequentially assigning the positions from the top (most liked) to the bottom (least liked) alternative. This assumption has been recently relaxed with the Extended Plackett-Luce model (EPL) through the introduction of the discrete reference order parameter, describing the rank attribution path. By starting from two formal properties of the EPL, the former related to the inverse ordering of the item probabilities at the first and last stage of the ranking process and the latter well-known as independence of irrelevant alternatives (or Luce's choice axiom), we derive novel diagnostic tools for testing the appropriateness of the EPL assumption as the actual sampling distribution of the observed rankings. These diagnostic tools can help uncovering possible idiosyncratic paths in the sequential choice process. Besides contributing to fill the gap of goodness-of-fit methods for the family of multistage models, we also show how one of the two statistics can be conveniently exploited to construct a heuristic method, that surrogates the maximum likelihood approach for inferring the underlying reference order parameter. The relative performance of the proposals, compared with more conventional approaches, is illustrated by means of extensive simulation studies.     

Career guidance of adolescents in their sociocultural development and modern technologies

RelevanceThe creation of a system of work with schoolchildren focused on choosing a profession taking into account possible success in a specific professional field is relevant.AimThe article is aimed at analysis of the situation of adolescents’ susceptibility to such guidance basing on different components.Materials and MethodsThe methodology of creating and implementing a special course is focused on the formation of basic elements of readiness for professional activities.ResultsThe authors of the study developed long-term projects that are considered to improve socio-economic development and increase the quality of work in various industries and at the personal level–socio-cultural development and socialization of adolescents.ConclusionThe career guidance for adolescents should include information about the means of communication. The development of the definition of technological means to provide information on the choice of profession is a significant part of the career guidance program.     

Emotional intelligence and employee innovation: Sequential mediating effect of person-group fit and adaptive performance

IntroductionHow emotional intelligence interrelates with employee innovation becomes a timely and crucial topic for research, for human resource and organizational psychology practitioners and academicians alike.ObjectiveThe study examined the mediating effect of person-group fit and adaptive performance on employee innovation. A sequential mediation framework explaining the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee innovation was constructed. This study differentiates itself from other similar studies on emotional intelligence and employee innovation since it suggests a novel approach to enhance employee innovation.MethodsElectronic as well as paper-based surveys were conducted to collect the data and the analysis of 417 responses revealed that the hypotheses were strongly supported by the data.ResultsWe found that a sequential mediation effect exists between person-group fit and adaptive performance. The findings offer a significant contribution to the field of human resources, since prior research has examined neither the simple mediating effect nor the sequential mediating effect of person-group fit and adaptive performance between emotional intelligence and employee innovation.ConclusionThe theoretical and practical implications of the findings were explored which have substantial value for human resources especially, for recruitment and training teams.     

How the initial level of trust in automated driving impacts drivers’ behaviour and early trust construction

Trust in Automation is known to influence human-automation interaction and user behaviour. In the Automated Driving (AD) context, studies showed the impact of drivers’ Trust in Automated Driving (TiAD), and linked it with, e.g., difference in environment monitoring or driver’s behaviour. This study investigated the influence of driver’s initial level of TiAD on driver’s behaviour and early trust construction during Highly Automated Driving (HAD). Forty drivers participated in a driving simulator study. Based on a trust questionnaire, participants were divided in two groups according to their initial level of TiAD: high (Trustful) vs. low (Distrustful). Declared level of trust, gaze behaviour and Non-Driving-Related Activities (NDRA) engagement were compared between the two groups over time. Results showed that Trustful drivers engaged more in NDRA and spent less time monitoring the road compared to Distrustful drivers. However, an increase in trust was observed in both groups. These results suggest that initial level of TiAD impact drivers’ behaviour and further trust evolution.     

Temporal processing within and across senses

This special issue on temporal processing within and across senses was the outcome of a two-day workshop that took place in Tübingen, Germany. The aim of the workshop and this special issue was to advance our knowledge on timing and the senses and to bring together two lines of research that have not yet interacted, those of synchrony and duration perception.     

A Modest Proposal

The language of “consecration” to describe what the presider does at Holy Communion seems to have many more drawbacks than advantages.  Based on a misunderstanding of the Institution Narratives, it nurtures an understanding of the Sacrament centered on the presider and the elements, while marginalizing the assembly.  It leads to the unthinking adoption of practices with significant theological hazards.  In every way, “presiding” is to be preferred.