HETEROLOGY: A POSTMODERN THEORY OF FOUNDATIONS

Epistemology has traditionally sought to discover the foundations of knowledge. Recently, anti-foundational philosophers have construed epistemo-logy's failure to discover an ultimate ground to indicate the bankruptcy of foundational theory. On closer examination, however, the history of epistemology reveals the aim of foundational theory to be different both from the reductive ideal of its traditional defenders and from the unsystematic relativism that its recent critics offer instead. An alternative history of foundational theory reveals a progress toward multiple necessary foundations which is the task of epistemology to articulate.     

“和”之精神在《管子》乐论中的具体体现

《管子》是我国齐文化一部重要著述。21世纪是追求“和”之精神的时代,重新审视《管子》乐论,从《地员》、《宙合》、《幼宫》三篇有关乐论的论述中,可以看到“和”之精神的存在。     

THE DEBATE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION: EXPLORING ROADS LESS TRAVELED

Abstract. The confrontation between Hellenism and Judaism goes back to the invasion of the Middle East by the armies of Alexander the Great. The differing ideologies, first rationalized by Philo of Alexandria, have emerged repeatedly for the past 2,000 years. The inability to resolve the differences can be traced to the differing epistemologies of religious fundamentalists and scientists with views that can be traced to Karl Popper, Immanuel Kant, and, ultimately, Aristotle.     

Psychoanalysis and evaluation: a stratified model focused on the uniqueness of the case

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This article addresses the methodological controversies surrounding the issue of how to evaluate the psychotherapies. It proposes to identify the principles of an integrative and stratified model in order to report the results of analytical therapy (its efficacy) based on the very effectiveness of its processes. Thus, the uniqueness of the case is put at the center of the evaluation setting.

Methods: Drawing on science studies, the authors engage in a reflexive exercise on the problem of psychoanalysis’ evaluation based on methodological questions raised in the field over time and current issues related to practice.

Results: First, the regularly asserted opposition between the norms of analytical practice and those governing standard evaluation procedures is reinterpreted as the effect of a lack of intermediate epistemic patterns.

Second, the fundamental principles of an integrative model are considered so as to translate and articulate a set of heterogeneous requirements into distinct strata.

Discussion: Since psychoanalysis is fundamentally a case-by-case practice characterized by inequivalence and unexpectedness, its utmost aim is to use a type of effectiveness based on the singularity of the case. However, this does not prevent it from being evaluable provided that the epistemic levels of the evaluation are clearly differentiated.     

《管子》的德育思想研究

《管子》的德育思想讨论了四个方面的问题：（1）道德哲学思想；（2）德育的作用与目的；（3）德育的内容与过程；（4）德育的方法与评价。作者试图全面而又系统地介绍《管子》的德育思想。