面向读者的写作:马克思主义哲学的写作模式反思

哲学写作具有不向大众诉说、把公开的esotericism说辞与隐微的esotericism说辞结合起来、启蒙和改造民众等多种模式。启蒙以来日益得以伸张的面向大众的写作模式因为大众社会的产生和大众人的成批出现而受到反思。马克思的写作模式是不面向一般民众的．其学术写作更是坚持了很强的专业性。当前的马克思主义哲学写作应该放弃诸多的无对象写作,多作有对象的学术写作。     

"Replacing" problem behavior: an analysis of tactical alternatives

A number of textbooks and professional volumes in applied behavior analysis suggest that interventions designed primarily to decrease a problem behavior should routinely be accompanied by efforts to increase the frequency of at least one appropriate behavior. Some sources describe the objective of this tactic as "replacing" the problem behavior. This paper considers rationales that might underlie this advice, as well as reasons why a general rule to this effect is inappropriate. This review reveals that although there may well be good reasons for considering this tactic, their rationales are often not well articulated and may even be unsound. It is also the case that there are good reasons why this tactic may not always be necessary, thus conflicting with an argument for a general rule.     

The associations of illness perceptions and self-efficacy with psychological well-being of patients in preparation for joint replacement surgery

Patient well-being on referral to surgery likely affects their surgical experience yet few studies examine pre-surgical correlates of well-being. Guided by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation and Social Cognitive theory, this study examined whether illness and emotional representations, general and domain self-efficacy were associated with pre-surgical well-being. The pre-surgical assessment of a three-wave prospective study is reported. Fifty-four hip and knee replacements patients (mean age = 69.33; SD = 8.57) were recruited in the pre-surgery educational clinic at a UK general hospital. Patients completed a questionnaire-pack including the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale, the Falls-Efficacy Scale, and the Short Form of Psychological Well-Being Index. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that above and beyond demographic and clinical characteristics, negative emotional representations were associated with lower psychological well-being while strong general self-efficacy beliefs were positively related to psychological well-being. Independent of demographic and clinical characteristics, joint replacement patients’ psychological well-being was associated with their cognitions and emotional reactions to their condition before surgery. Early interventions could potentially target these modifiable factors to improve pre-surgical well-being in this group of patients, with potential for additional post-surgical benefit.     

MY FATHER,MYSELF

This essay presents material from the second analysis of an offspring of two Holocaust survivors, each of whom lost a child during the war. The first analysis (Kogan 2003 ) focused primarily on the patient's relationship with her mother. This second analysis revolves around the elaboration of the complex and painful father–daughter relationship, centering on the events surrounding the death of the patient's father. The discussion includes an exploration of the father's deferred action on account of his Holocaust trauma, which he passed on to the next generation; the break in the idealized paternal representation; and the daughter's identification with her father's disavowed aggressive aspects. It also examines some of the unique transference and countertransference problems that arose, mainly because patient and analyst belonged to the same traumatized large group.     

人工颈椎间盘置换术能否取代ACDF

目前颈椎病的治疗主要采用切除病变椎间盘和椎体间融合的手术方法,而人工颈椎间盘置换术的临床应用预示着脊柱外科治疗学新纪元的开始。简要介绍了Byran人工颈椎间盘置换术,对其临床效果进行了随访和分析,总结了人工颈椎间盘置换术的治疗优势和临床应用中的问题。客观评价了人工颈椎间盘技术,为临床决策提供了实践依据。     

成人股骨头坏死的治疗进展

股骨头坏死（ONFH）是一种进展性和致残性疾病,保存自身股骨头是临床治疗所追求的最理想目标,早中期的治疗方案主要采用非手术疗法和保髋的姑息性手术,目前为止还没有一种治疗方法能达到理想的治疗效果。近年来,骨髓间充质于细胞（MSCs）移植治疗ONFH是目前研究热点之一,有望成为一种有效的治疗方法,晚期行人工髋关节置换术是唯一的和最佳的选择。因此,早期诊断,采用综合性治疗方案保全自身髋关节是治疗本病的主要方向。     

无空间线索化下视觉注意空间等级的ERP研究

采用事件相关电位技术考察无空间线索化下视觉注意资源的在不同空间等级的分布情况。在“预警信号-目标探测”范式下,目标刺激随机出现在直径视角为3.2°、6.4°以及9.6°的三个空间等级圆上。反应时结果显示：随着注意空间直径视角增大,对目标刺激的探测速度逐渐下降。脑电结果显示：三种条件下目标刺激诱发的早期N1和晚期P3成分产生了不同程度分离,主要表现为两成分的波幅随着注意空间视角增大而减小。这说明个体在无空间线索化下自动地对不同空间等级进行有选择性的资源分配。     

文本阅读中情境模型空间维度的非线索更新

采用实时窗口阅读技术,探讨文本阅读中不同研究范式下空间信息更新的特点。结果表明,阅读中情境模型空间信息的非线索实时更新是存在的,但要实现这种更新则需要一定的条件。相对于自动呈现材料,在更为自由的手动阅读条件下,先前阅读的空间信息,尤其是外显的位置信息（如“广场”）能够进行非线索的实时更新（实验一、实验二）;此外,实验三的结果表明,不同的探测位置对空间信息的通达也产生了影响。在更为敏感的探测位置上,内隐的空间实体信息（如,“雕像”）也表现出了非线索的更新。     

偏见的自我调节研究述评

偏见不是不可避免的。个体能够依靠自我调节来控制偏见反应。拥有高控制偏见内部动机且低控制偏见外部动机的个体能最有效地控制偏见, 包括内隐偏见。这类个体的控制偏见动机的内化程度最高, 而内化程度高的控制偏见动机能自动起作用。四分过程模型能分离出自动过程和控制过程对内隐测量任务的影响, 因此能更好地解释自动激活的联接和自我调节是如何交互影响行为的。未来的研究应进一步探索如何发展控制偏见内部动机和对内隐控制偏见动机的测量等问题。     

人工椎间盘置换术中的循证医学证据

循证医学（evidence—based medicine,EBM）作为一门新兴的交叉学科越来越广泛地被用来进行临床评估和决策。人工椎间盘置换技术的发展为椎间盘退行性病变的治疗提供了符合现代医学模式的新方法。循证医学在人工椎间盘置换研究中的应用不仅有助于为其提供可信、有力的临床证据,而且有丰富的哲学内涵。