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131.
Brief multiple-stimulus-without-replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted with 3 adolescent boys with emotional-behavioral disorders in the context of their public school educational program. The reinforcing effects of stimuli identified as high, medium, and low preference were then evaluated using an alternating treatments design in which, following an initial baseline, stimuli were delivered contingent on on-task behavior. High-preference stimuli produced the highest percentages of on-task behavior for all 3 participants. 相似文献
132.
Eva?M.?EpsteinEmail author Denise?M.?Sloan 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2005,35(4):317-330
There is a wealth of data indicating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
However, the best evidence indicates a treatment success rate of 50%. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe cognitive
behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa and to offer suggestions on how this therapy approach may be tailored to best serve
the needs of individual clients. Such tailoring should ultimately lead to even greater treatment success. 相似文献
133.
Hypochondriasis is a debilitating condition in which patients are persistently preoccupied with the possibility of being seriously ill. Its is a costly problem for the health care system whose treatment has not received systematic attention until recently. Although based on few controlled studies, results indicated that various brief cognitive-behavioral techniques produce significant changes in illness fears and attitudes. A list of therapeutic questions that require further study is presented and some indications for both therapists and patients are given. 相似文献
134.
A review of the debate on the Empirically Supported Treatment Program is presented. It is argued that underlying the specifics of the debate are fundamentally incompatible paradigms: a meaning vs. a medical model. The findings from two gold standard multi-site studies are reviewed to conclude that the control condition meets requirements for an empirically supported treatment. The empirical finding of the failure of clinical training to improve treatment outcomes is explained by the focus on rational factors in training. It is recommended that training of therapists focus on enhancing experiential capacity rather than mastery of manualized treatment approaches. 相似文献
135.
The fixed point combinator (Y) is an important non-proper combinator, which is defhable from a combinatorially complete base. This combinator guarantees
that recursive equations have a solution. Structurally free logics (LC) turn combinators into formulas and replace structural rules by combinatory ones. This paper introduces the fixed point and
the dual fixed point combinator into structurally free logics. The admissibility of (multiple) cut in the resulting calculus is not provable by a simple adaptation of the similar proof for LC with proper combinators. The novelty of our proof—beyond proving the cut for a newly extended calculus–is that we add a fourth induction to the by-and-large Gentzen-style proof.
Presented by Robert Goldblatt 相似文献
136.
137.
Nix RL Pinderhughes EE Bierman KL Maples JJ;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(3-4):307-325
This study examined whether the link between risk factors for conduct problems and low rates of participation in mental health
treatment could be decoupled through the provision of integrated prevention services in multiple easily-accessible contexts.
It included 445 families of first-grade children (55% minority), living in four diverse communities, and selected for early
signs of conduct problems. Results indicated that, under the right circumstances, these children and families could be enticed
to participate at high rates in school-based services, therapeutic groups, and home visits. Because different sets of risk
factors were related to different profiles of participation across the components of the prevention program, findings highlight
the need to offer services in multiple contexts to reach all children and families who might benefit from them.
Ellen Pinderhughes's and Karen Bierman's colleagues in the Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group are, in alphabetical
order, John D. Coie, Duke University; Kenneth A. Dodge, Duke University; E. Michael Foster, University of North Carolina;
Mark T. Greenberg, Pennsylvania State University; John E. Lochman, University of Alabama; and Robert J. McMahon, University
of Washington. 相似文献
138.
Kenneth?I.?PakenhamEmail author 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(1):25-38
This study examined relations between stress and coping predictors and negative and positive outcomes in MS caregiving. A total of 222 carers and their care-recipients completed questionnaires at Time 1 and three months later, Time 2 (n = 155). Predictors included care-recipient characteristics (age, time since diagnosis, course and life satisfaction), and Times 1 and 2 carer problems, stress appraisal and coping. Dependent variables were Time 2 negative (anxiety, depression) and positive outcomes (life satisfaction, positive affect, benefits). Regressions indicated that, overall, the hypothesised direct effects of stress appraisal and coping strategies on positive and negative outcomes were supported. The hypothesised stress-buffering effects of positive reframing coping were also supported. All but one of the coping strategies were related to both positive and negative outcomes; specifically, practical assistance coping emerged as a unique predictor of distress. Of the model predictors, care-recipient life satisfaction emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor of both positive and negative outcomes except benefit finding. Findings support the role of care-recipient characteristics and the carers appraisal and coping processes in shaping both positive and negative outcomes. The guiding framework and findings have the potential to inform interventions designed to promote well-being in carers. 相似文献
139.
Jay B. Sisun is a Clinical Research Assistant at Taunton State Hospital. Glen A. Eskedal is the Chair and Professor of Education
and Human Services at Suffolk University. Of challenge to developmental psychologists and mental health practitioners is the
management of positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia and their effects on mastering psychosocial developmental
tasks. The intent of this article is to provide specific information pertinent to understanding this disorder, to understand
the age-appropriate struggle for individuation, and to offer recommendations for effective treatment. 相似文献
140.
Treichler FR 《Animal cognition》2005,8(2):75-83
Rhesus monkeys received concurrent within-session training on eight, two-choice object pairs and then underwent successive reversals of these problems. Initially, reversals required about six times more training than acquisition with no improvement over seven successive reversals. Surprisingly, performance on these eight problems was unimpaired if they were embedded in different eight-problem tasks, thereby indicating a release from proactive interference. When the original eight problems again underwent successive reversal, no improvement was seen over seven reversals, although there was significantly less error-per-reversal than in the initial test. Subsequently, monkeys appeared to be developing a learning set for successive reversal because performance on successive reversal of eight novel problems was not different from that seen with the old familiar task. Set acquisition was confirmed when proficient reversal was eventually achieved on both old and new concurrent tasks. Thus, concurrent reversal set did develop, but it required arduous training to overcome proactive interference effects on memory. The ubiquitous influence of measurement context on organization of monkey memory was noted. 相似文献