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21.
适宜技术与诊疗最优化的可行性研究 总被引:10,自引:8,他引:2
刘典恩 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(7):5-8
在案例分析的基础上,作出了医生是临床诊疗中适宜技术的主要选择者的判断;论证了运用适宜技术实现诊疗最优化的可行性;认为适宜技术难以选择和实施的主要原因是利益关系、责任心不强和管理措施不到位;提出了必须着力培育适合于适宜技术生长的土壤的对策,即:实行政策引导与资金支持、进一步加大监管力度、营造良好的氛围、高度重视并加强医生道德素质的培养。 相似文献
22.
Ellen Timminga 《Psychometrika》1995,60(1):137-154
This paper proposes a multi-objective programming method for determining samples of examinees needed for estimating the parameters of a group of items. In the numerical experiments, optimum samples are compared to uniformly and normally distributed samples. The results show that the samples usually recommended in the literature are well suited for estimating the difficulty parameters. Furthermore, they are also adequate for estimating the discrimination parameters in the three-parameter model, butnot for the guessing parameters. 相似文献
23.
The possibility of obtaining locally optimal solutions with categorical data is pointed out for the original version of OSMOD development by Saito and Otsu. A revision of the initialization strategy in OSMOD is suggested, and its effectiveness in diminishing this possibility is demonstrated. 相似文献
24.
Information on response requirements compared with information on food density as a reinforcer of observing in pigeons 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
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Dinsmoor JA Bowe CA Green L Hanson J 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1988,49(2):229-237
On a variable-interval schedule, pecking the key to the pigeon's right (observing response) produced red or green displays relating to the delivery of grain and its dependence on pecking the key to the left (food key). During various blocks of sessions, mixed (no stimulus change) schedules including the following pairs of components were temporarily converted by the observing response to their corresponding multiple (correlated stimuli) schedules: variable-interval 60-s, extinction; variable-interval 60-s, variable-time (response-independent) 60-s; extinction, variable-time 60-s. Differences in food delivery maintained substantial rates of responding on the observing key, without regard to pecking requirements on the food key. Although stimuli correlated with differences in the response requirement on the food key maintained higher observing rates than those maintained by uncorrelated stimuli, they were much lower than those based on food. The value of predictive stimuli as reinforcers is determined by the value of the events predicted. In particular, the cost of pecking appears to be low, and this may place limitations on the applicability of energy-based and economic models of behavior. 相似文献
25.
Clustering with relational constraint 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The paper deals with clustering problems where grouping is constrained by a symmetric and reflexive relation. For solving clustering problems with relational constraints two methods are adapted: the standard hierarchical clustering procedure based on the Lance and Williams formula, and local optimization procedure, CLUDIA. To illustrate these procedures, clusterings of the European countries are given based on the developmental indicators where the relation is determined by the geographical neighbourhoods of countries.Extended version of the paper presented at the European meeting of the Psychometric Society, Groningen, June, 19–21, 1980.This work was supported in part by the Boris Kidri Fund, Yugoslavia. 相似文献
26.
Baum WM 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1981,36(3):387-403
The interaction between instrumental behavior and environment can be conveniently described at a molar level as a feedback system. Two different possible theories, the matching law and optimization, differ primarily in the reference criterion they suggest for the system. Both offer accounts of most of the known phenomena of performance on concurrent and single variable-interval and variable-ratio schedules. The matching law appears stronger in describing concurrent performances, whereas optimization appears stronger in describing performance on single schedules. 相似文献
27.
An important feature of distance-based principal components analysis, is that the variables can be optimally transformed.
For monotone spline transformation, a nonnegative least-squares problem with a length constraint has to be solved in each
iteration. As an alternative algorithm to Lawson and Hanson (1974), we propose the Alternating Length-Constrained Non-Negative
Least-Squares (ALC-NNLS) algorithm, which minimizes the nonnegative least-squares loss function over the parameters under
a length constraint, by alternatingly minimizing over one parameter while keeping the others fixed. Several properties of
the new algorithm are discussed. A Monte Carlo study is presented which shows that for most cases in distance-based principal
components analysis, ALC-NNLS performs as good as the method of Lawson and Hanson or sometimes even better in terms of the
quality of the solution.
Supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) by grant nr. 030-56403 for the “PIONEER” project “Subject
Oriented Multivariate Analysis” to the third author. We would like to thank the anonymous referees for their valuable remarks
that have improved the quality of this paper. 相似文献
28.
A novel classification framework for clinical decision making that uses an Extremely Randomized Tree (ERT) based feature selection and a Diverse Intensified Strawberry Optimized Neural network (DISON) is proposed. DISON is a Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network where the optimization of weights and bias is done using a two phase training strategy. Two algorithms namely Strawberry Plant Optimization (SPO) algorithm and Gradient-descent Back-propagation algorithm are used sequentially to identify the optimum weights and bias. The novel two phase training method and the stochastic duplicate-elimination strategy of SPO helps in addressing the issue of local optima associated with conventional neural networks. The relevant attributes are selected based on the feature importance values computed using an ERT classifier.Vertebral Column, Pima Indian diabetes (PID), Cleveland Heart disease (CHD) and Statlog Heart disease (SHD) datasets from the University of California Irvine machine learning repository are used for experimentation. The framework has achieved an accuracy of 87.17% for Vertebral Column, 90.92% for PID, 93.67% for CHD and 94.5% for SHD. The classifier performance has been compared with existing works and is found to be competitive in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Wilcoxon test confirms the statistical superiority of the proposed method. 相似文献
29.
JOHANNES JAHN 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》1997,6(1):17-24
In this paper we investigate the image of a polyhedral set under a linear map. Moreover, we present an algorithm for the determination of so-called minimal facets and certain minimal irredundant proper edges of a convex polyhedral set in ℝ3. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
This paper presents a multiple-objective metaheuristic procedure—Pareto simulated annealing. The goal of the procedure is to find in a relatively short time a good approximation of the set of efficient solutions of a multiple-objective combinatorial optimization problem. The procedure uses a sample, of so-called generating solutions. Each solution explores its neighbourhood in a way similar to that of classical simulated annealing. Weights of the objectives, used for their local aggregation, are tuned in each iteration in order to assure a tendency for approaching the efficient solutions set while maintaining a uniform distribution of the generating solutions over this set. A computational experiment shows that the method is a better tool for approximating the efficient set than some previous proposals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献