未雨绸缪：变革前非正式信息对员工变革抵制意愿的影响

组织变革前总会有小道消息等非正式信息传播, 这些信息是员工提前了解变革的重要来源。研究探索变革前非正式信息对员工变革前抵制意愿的影响, 以及员工变革抵制意愿随时间推移的变化。基于255位样本数据的结构方程模型及多层次线性增长模型分析表明：(1)变革前非正式信息的消极性及不完整性, 显著负向影响员工变革认知, 进而使员工变革抵制意愿上升; (2)随着时间推移, 员工变革抵制意愿显著衰减, 即从变革前到变革发生时抵制意愿显著降低。研究揭示了变革前非正式信息对员工有“热身准备”的作用, 能够帮助员工提前适应, 从而更好地应对变革。研究结果有助于变革的顺利实施。     

核苷类似物治疗慢性乙型肝炎中的耐药及治疗决策

尽管核苷类药物做为慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的一线用药广泛应用于临床多年,但随着用药时间的延长,治疗过程中出现了耐药这个极具挑战性的问题。核苷类药物的联合治疗或许能阻止或延缓耐药发生。     

Use of the Group Therapist's Personality Via the Countertransferences

Rather than use the term therapist personality, the author uses an operational definition of countertransference to examine the intersubjective field between group therapist and individual patients, the group, and subgroups. Differentiating between objective and subjective countertransferences, the author traces their sources to the transferences and resistances that arise from individuals, subgroups, and the group-as-a-whole. The transferences, resistances, and their related countertransferences are then integrated with enactments and history to create interventions. The charismatic leader makes no differentiation between the countertransferences and primarily acts on impulse or a rigid system.     

Rabindranath Tagore and Freudian thought

The paper draws our attention to the Indian poet and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore's notion of psychoanalysis. Focusing on the period between 1926 and his death in 1941, during which Tagore had not only met Freud but had also spoken to several persons on psychoanalysis, the author has unearthed a mass of archival material, primarily in Bengali, and translated most of it into English for the first time, in order to show how Tagore's opinion regarding Freudian thought gradually changed from severe criticism and a near complete rejection to appreciation, especially of its good use in literature and literary criticism. The author has also identified a number of literary works, both prose and verse, from the final years of Tagore's life and tried to document the extent of influence of Freudian thought on their composition. In short, the author explores a significant interdisciplinary area that has not been looked into either in India or abroad.     

The analyst's excitement in the analysis of perversion

The author believes that unconscious sexual excitement in the transference and countertransference is an especially problematic aspect of the analysis of perverse character pathology and that perverse sexual gratifi cation deserves a more prominent position in the clinical theory of analyzing perversion than that which has been assigned tacitly through analysts' routine focus on the defensive and destructive dynamics of perversion. He presents clinical material from the analysis of a perverse patient that illustrates the role of excitement in the transference perversion established in this analysis; and he asserts that gratifying perverse enactments occurring in the transference perversion can appear not only as conscious or unconscious excitement in the transference but also, at times most clearly, as the analyst's excitement. The author suggests that using a clinical theory that supports the analyst in understanding his excited responses as perverse countertransferences-i.e. evoked excitement complementary to the sexual component of a perverse transference-will assist him in locating and thinking about gratifying, perverse excitement in the transference where it is most usefully analyzed. Finally, he discusses some of the reasons why analysts might deny, suppress or otherwise avoid perverse countertransferences and in so doing contribute to sustaining perverse resistances.     

Using High-Probability Request Sequences to Increase Journal Writing

Written expression is a key aspect of academic success. Programs to enhance writing skills often rely on a feedback loop that consists of student production (i.e., get something on paper) and teacher feedback. Unfortunately, some students fail to produce enough written product so that the teacher can give constructive feedback. The purpose of this study was to examine two methods to increase the written word production of four students with difficulties in written expression. In the verbal prompt condition, students were given verbal prompts by their teacher to resume writing in their journals after the student stopped writing for approximately one min. In the high-p request condition, the teacher asked students to write a series of three words that typically occasioned compliance prior to asking the student to resume journal writing. Both interventions were assessed within the context of verbal praise and no verbal praise. Results suggested that both interventions increased the number of words written, particularly in the verbal praise condition. However, the high-p request sequence was more efficient and produced writing behavior that was more persistent across sessions. Results are discussed within the context of the theory of behavioral momentum.     

胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病关系的新思考

胰岛素抵抗(IR)与2型糖尿病关系密切,对IR的认识,经历了几十年反复的过程,胰岛素抵抗综合征(IRS)的提出使2型糖尿病防治观念发生了根本的转变,提出了2型糖尿病防治新策略:从以降糖治疗为主到全面防治心血管疾病.对IR的认识和IR与2型糖尿病的关系,体现了辩证唯物主义认识论和系统论的观点.     

Buying cars online: the adoption of the web for high‐involvement,high‐cost purchases

This research explores the adoption of the Web throughout the buying process within high‐value, high‐involvement product categories (the car sector). Diffusion of innovations (Rogers, 1983) and innovation resistance Ram and Sheth (1989) theories are utilised and found to be useful. The research is exploratory, based on eight qualitative, semi‐structured individual interviews with potential car buyers. Findings indicate that there is resistance to adopting online car purchase overall, but relative advantage is recognised at the early, information seeking stages. Consumers use the Web to improve the balance of power between themselves and car salespeople. Innovation resistance during later stages, result from the need for personal experience of the product prior to purchase, ie test driving, as well as the uncertainty regarding after‐sales support. Further resistance comes from a reluctance to give up the social aspects of car buying and a perceived inability to negotiate with websites. It is suggested that organisations operating in these markets should focus Web activities on information provision, or opt for a hybrid strategy using both online and offline channels. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.     

从社会医学角度看我国结核病的防治

结核病目前在我国仍是一个重大的公共卫生问题。针对目前我国结核病防治过程中存在的一些问题以及DOTS策略的实施,从社会医学的角度思考认为,结核病的防治不仅仅是公共卫生问题,更是一个社会问题。传统的结核病防治思路有待商榷和完善,DOTS策略的实施应当紧密结合社会各因素,这为今后更好开展结核病防治工作提供了参考。