Attention to components or compounds as a factor in discrimination transfer performance.

Prior to being tested with standard reversal or extradimensional (ED) shift procedures, two groups of mentally retarded subjects (MA: 4 to years) were pretrained using two different methods. The Component group received two problems which could be solved easily only by attending to the form components. The Compound group was trained on two problems requiring attention to compound color-form cues. It was assumed that the two solution modes would carry over to the third problem, which was for both groups a standard form discrimination with color variable and irrelevant within settings. The fourth problem was either an ED shift or a reversal. The Component group learned reversal faster than ED shift whereas the opposite was true for the Compound group. Subproblem analyses of ED shift performance showed dependent settings for the Component group and independent settings for the Compound group. Results are consistent with the view that compound and component solutions of discriminative problems are achieved by attention to the abstract dimensions of compounds or components and that attention to either of these dimensions can be trained at higher or lower developmental levels even though the salience of the compound dimension may be initially greater for lower level subjects.     

Influence of item identification on the memory performance of mentally retarded and nonretarded adults

The role of item identification in the memory performance of mentally retarded and nonretarded adults was examined by varying the identification and memory parameters of a sequential same-different task. In Study 1, retarded subjects' identification ability was demonstrated to be less efficient than nonretarded subjects' ability. In Study 2, target duration and interstimulus interval were varied. Memory performance differed between groups, and the memory deficit for retarded subjects was demonstrated to be independent of their identification deficit. The target durations in Study 2 were relatively brief, and in Study 3, the target duration was increased to insure that all subjects could identify the target. Mentally retarded subjects were demonstrated to have a memory deficit. The results were discussed in terms of possible sources of the memory deficit.     

Linguistic coding by deaf children in relation to beginning reading success

The coding of printed letters in a task of consonant recall was examined in relation to the level of success of prelingually and profoundly deaf children (median age 8.75 years) in beginning reading. As determined by recall errors, the deaf children who were classified as good readers appeared to use both speech and fingerspelling (manual) codes in short-term retention of printed letters. In contrast, deaf children classified as poor readers did not show influence of either of these linguistically based codes in recall. Thus, the success of deaf children in beginning reading, like that of hearing children, appears to be related to the ability to establish and make use of linguistically recoded representations of the language. Neither group showed evidence of dependence on visual cues for recall.     

CTPI和CTA在椎底动脉系统TIA诊断中的互补性

研究CT灌注成像（CTPI）和CT血管造影（CTA）对椎底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的诊断价值。采用64排螺旋CT对30例患者进行常规CT、CT灌注成像和CT血管造影检查。30例CT平扫无责任病灶。CT灌注成像正常14例,异常16例。CTA正常4例,异常26例。CT灌注成像和CT血管造影联合应用有利于椎底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断和治疗方案的选择。     

乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作

乳腺癌是全身疾病,其治疗和诊断都需要多个学科的积极参与协作才能完成。本文就自身体会认为乳腺专科医生掌握诸如肿瘤外科技术与肿瘤内科治疗措施,熟悉乳腺癌放疗与美容整形的相关技术,并能掌握诸如乳腺B超等检查手段等多个学科知识,同时和病理等相关科室紧密协作,是处理好乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作问题的一种有效方法。     

肝脾CT值分析在非酒精性脂肪肝诊断中的应用

探讨肝脾CT值分析在非酒精性脂肪肝中诊断及严重程度的关系。对163例临床明确诊断的非酒精性脂肪肝患者,分别根据肝脏cT值、肝脾CT值比值及肝脾CT值差值进行分组。结果三种评价方法对重度非酒精性脂肪肝均有较高的灵敏度及特异度,轻度非酒精性脂肪肝样本中出现28例肝脾CT比值〉1,肝脾值差值与肝脾CT值比值在对脂肪肝严重程度...     

Trust-suspicion and gender differences in interpersonal functioning

Responses on self-report questionnaires (Study 1) and in a dyadic game (Study 2) were observed to investigate relationships of trust-suspicion (T-S), locus of control (I-E), and situational contingencies to styles of interpersonal functioning. Generalized T-S predicted cooperative/competitive interactional choices among the male college student samples (p ? .01). However, T-S predicted females' interpersonal behaviors only when they were in a reactive, defensive position. T-S did not relate to actual behaviors when females were allowed to select/initiate cooperative or competitive exchanges. Situational rules (p ? .025) and I-E (p ? .01) predicted all subjects' behaviors when in a choice, but not defensive, position.     

A microgenetic model of paragrammatisms produced by a schizophrenic speaker

A series of papers appearing in Brain and Language ask whether schizophrenic language irregularities can be understood in linguistic terms. This literature is reviewed and the contrary positions of different authors are highlighted. The clinical presentation of a schizophrenic male is described. In a single interview he produced a set of paragrammatical errors which are noteworthy insofar as they indicate sustained epochs of diminished expressivity. In this sense, they differ from schizophasic deviance, which is described by Lecours and Vanier-Clement (Brain and Language, 3, 516-565, 1976) as an enhanced expressivity cooccurring with intact language competence. They are also partially decodable, which distinguishes them from the schizophrenic segments discussed by Chaika. Analyses of the paragrammatisms indicate disruptions at three discrete representational levels. One involves the formation of abstract speaker intentions, while the second organizes syntagms into some serial form, and the third level takes content words belonging to a particular syntagm and positions them in a syntactic frame. A microgenic model of these representational planes is proposed that is based on the theoretical perspective of Brown, as well as Garrett's investigations of normal speech errors. The model is justified insofar as the paragrammatisms indicate "linguistic regressions" back to more "thought-like" linguistic representations. Moreover, a recapitulation of specific linguistic mappings is demonstrated to occur between processing levels. This microgenetic model represents an extension of previous work in aphasiology insofar as it targets combinatorial rather than selectional processes as primary planes of disruption.