Elodie Saruco  Aymeric Guillot  Léa Multari  Arnaud Saimpont 《Journal of motor behavior》2020,52(6):723-733

Abstract

Mental practice (MP) is a reliable alternative or complement to physical practice (PP) for the training of postural control. We address how MP should ideally be combined with PP. Participants were assigned to four experimental groups where MP/PP ratios during training varied from 0 to 100%. Performance improved only for demanding postural adjustments, regardless of MP/PP ratio, and learning was partially consolidated after a night of sleep. Findings reinforce the relevance of MP for the training of weight shifting and further suggest that MP alone can be as efficient as PP for the learning of certain complex postural adjustments.  相似文献   

    

《Journal of Fluency Disorders》2020

Developmental stuttering is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex neurobiological basis. Robust neural markers of stuttering include imbalanced activity of speech and motor related brain regions, and their impaired structural connectivity. The dynamic interaction of cortical regions is regulated by the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system with the supplementary motor area constituting a crucial cortical site. The SMA integrates information from different neural circuits, and manages information about motor programs such as self-initiated movements, motor sequences, and motor learning. Abnormal functioning of SMA is increasingly reported in stuttering, and has been recently indicated as an additional “neural marker” of DS: anatomical and functional data have documented abnormal structure and activity of the SMA, especially in motor and speech networks. Its connectivity is often impaired, especially when considering networks of the left hemisphere. Compatibly, recent data suggest that, in DS, SMA is part of a poorly synchronized neural network, thus resulting in a likely substrate for the appearance of DS symptoms. However, as evident when considering neural models of stuttering, the role of SMA has not been fully clarified. Herein, the available evidence is reviewed, which highlights the role of the SMA in DS as a neural “hub”, receiving and conveying altered information, thus “gating” the release of correct or abnormal motor plans.  相似文献   

    

《Journal of Fluency Disorders》2020

PurposePrevious studies have associated developmental stuttering with difficulty learning new motor skills. We investigated non-speech motor sequence learning in children with persistent developmental stuttering (CWS), children who have recovered from developmental stuttering (CRS) and typically developing controls (CON).MethodsOver the course of two days, participants completed the Multi-Finger Sequencing Task, consisting of repeated trials of a10-element sequence, interspersed with trials of random sequences of the same length. We evaluated motor sequence learning using accuracy and response synchrony, a timing measure for evaluation of sequencing timing. We examined error types as well as recognition and recall of the repeated sequences.ResultsCWS demonstrated lower performance accuracy than CON and CRS on the first day of the finger tapping experiment but improved to the performance level of CON and CRS on the second day. Response synchrony showed no overall difference among CWS, CRS and CON.Learning scores of repeated sequences did not differ from learning scores of random sequences in CWS, CRS and CON. CON and CRS demonstrated an adaptive strategy to response errors, whereas CWS maintained a high percentage of corrected errors for both days.ConclusionsOur study examined non-speech sequence learning across CWS, CRS and CON. Our preliminary findings support the idea that developmental stuttering is not associated with sequence learning per se but rather with general fine motor performance difficulties.  相似文献   

    

Mark van de Ruit  Michael J. Grey 《Journal of motor behavior》2019,51(2):171-184

Motor learning has been linked with increases in corticospinal excitability (CSE). However, the robustness of this link is unclear. In this study, changes in CSE associated with learning a visuomotor tracking task were mapped using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS maps were obtained before and after training with the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) of the dominant and nondominant hand, and for a distal (FDI) and proximal (biceps brachii) muscle. Tracking performance improved following 20 min of visuomotor training, while map area was unaffected. Large individual differences were observed with 18%–36% of the participants revealing an increase in TMS map area. This result highlights the complex relationship between motor learning and use-dependent plasticity of the motor cortex.  相似文献   

    

Germán Gálvez-García  Javiera Peña  Javier Albayay  Henri Cohen 《Journal of motor behavior》2019,51(3):239-244

We investigated the extent to which a complex finger sequence impacts on hand switching costs in a sequential action. Response component latencies (premotor, motor, and movement) were compared in no-switch (same finger performed the action of pressing and reaching) and switch conditions (pressing with one finger and completing the reaching action with the homologous finger from the other hand). Results showed that the switch condition presented longer latency for premotor and movement components. For the motor component, however, switch condition was faster. This expands the previous literature investigating switching costs using simple finger movements in more complex tasks. A mechanical explanation of the interplay between response subcomponents is provided to explain the inversion of response pattern for the motor component.  相似文献   

    

Yu-Ting Tseng  Chia-Liang Tsai  Fu-Chen Chen  Jürgen Konczak 《Journal of motor behavior》2019,51(1):49-58

It is unclear, whether proprioceptive dysfunction in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is localized affecting only specific joints or whether it is generalized affecting proximal and distal joints. Thus, this study assessed position sense acuity at the elbow and wrist in twenty children with DCD (age: 9–11 yrs.) using a joint position matching paradigm. Position sense bias (systematic error) at either joint was not significantly higher in DCD children when compared to typically developing children (TD). However, DCD children exhibited significantly lower position sense precision (random error) than TD children at both elbow and wrist. That is, response reliability to proprioceptive stimuli is altered in DCD. Our findings are consistent with a view that proprioceptive dysfunction in DCD is generalized in nature.  相似文献   

    

Ya-Yun Lee  Beth E. Fisher 《Journal of motor behavior》2019,51(2):121-128

It is well established that random practice compared to blocked practice enhances motor learning. Additionally, while information in the environment may be incidental, learning is also enhanced when an individual performs a task within the same environmental context in which the task was originally practiced. This study aimed to disentangle the effects of practice schedule and incidental/environmental context on motor learning. Participants practiced three finger sequences under either a random or blocked practice schedule. Each sequence was associated with specific incidental context (i.e., color and location on the computer screen) during practice. The participants were tested under the conditions when the sequence-context associations remained the same or were changed from that of practice. When the sequence-context association was changed, the participants who practiced under blocked schedule demonstrated greater performance decrement than those who practiced under random schedule. The findings suggested that those participants who practiced under random schedule were more resistant to the change of environmental context.  相似文献   

    

Daniela S. Canovas  Paula Debert  Caio F. Miguel 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2019,111(1):59-74

The present study assessed whether simple discrimination training with differential responses would produce functional and equivalence classes with preschool children. In Experiment 1, we exposed 10 children to simple successive discrimination training in which they had to press different buttons (selection‐based responses). Response 1 (R1) was reinforced only in the presence of A1, B1, or C1, and Response 2 (R2) was reinforced only in the presence of A2, B2, or C2. We assessed the formation of functional classes by training new selection responses in the presence of one member of each class (A1‐R3, A2‐R4) and testing to see if these responses would occur in the presence of other members. Eight children responded consistently with functional class formation. Four of these eight children also responded consistently with the formation of equivalence classes. Experiment 2 investigated whether differential motor responses (i.e., gestures) would improve equivalence class yields. Three of six children showed both functional and equivalence class formation. In general, the results indicate that the simple discrimination procedure with differential responses yielded functional and equivalence class formation.  相似文献   

    

《Human movement science》2019

While neuromuscular control deficits during inversion perturbations in chronic ankle instability (CAI) cohorts are well documented in the literature, anticipatory motor control strategies to inversion perturbations in CAI are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine neuromuscular control and ankle kinematics in individuals with CAI (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15) during unexpected and expected single leg drop-landings onto a tilted surface rotated 20° in the frontal plane. Muscle activity from 200 ms pre- to post-landing was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB). Mean muscle activity, co-contraction index (CCI), and peroneal latency was analyzed. Ankle inversion angle at initial contact, time to maximum inversion angle, maximum inversion angle and velocity were also assessed. Significantly longer PL latency, less time to maximum inversion and greater maximum inversion angle was found in CAI compared to controls. Regarding landing condition, significantly greater maximum inversion angle, less inversion at initial contact, longer PB latency, less TA activity and frontal plane CCI during the post-landing phase was found during the unexpected perturbation. Prolonged PL latency and altered ankle kinematics suggests reduced frontal plane ankle stabilization in CAI. However, similar motor control strategies were utilized in both groups during the ankle inversion perturbations.  相似文献   

    

《Human movement science》2019

BackgroundMost stroke patients exhibit low levels of walking activity, a key component of secondary stroke prevention. The predictors of walking activity may be multifactorial and are thus far partially understood. We aimed to study the neuroanatomic correlates of low levels of daily walking activity following hemispheric stroke.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 33 community-dwelling stroke survivors (age: 63.9 ± 12.9 years; % female: 36.4%; NIHSS at admission: 3.3 ± 4.0) were prospectively recruited at least 3 months after a first ever, unilateral, supratentorial stroke confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Walking activity was measured by daily step counts (steps∙day⁻¹), recorded using an Actigraph GT3x+ triaxial accelerometer over 7 consecutive days. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to identify brain areas associated with walking activity following stroke.ResultsParticipants presented 4491.9 ± 2473.7 steps∙day⁻¹. Lower levels of walking activity were related to lesions of the posterior part of the putamen, of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and of the anterior part of the corona radiata. No cortical region was associated with walking activity.ConclusionsOur preliminary results identify subcortical neuroanatomical correlates for reduced walking activity following stroke. If confirmed, these results could serve as a rationale for the development of targeted rehabilitative strategy to improve mobility after stroke.  相似文献