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111.
In this study, a large number of observers (N=201) were asked to segment a collection of outlines derived from line drawings of everyday objects (N=88). This data set was then used as a benchmark to evaluate current models of object segmentation. All of the previously proposed rules of segmentation were found supported in our results. For example, minima of curvature (i.e. locations along the contour where negative curvature takes an extreme value) were often used as segmentation points. The second point of a pair connected by a segmentation line often depended on more global shape characteristics such as proximity, collinearity, symmetry, and elongation. Based on these results, a framework is presented in which all of the previously proposed (and now empirically validated) segmentation rules or rules for part formation are integrated. 相似文献
112.
Joshua L. Schneider Emily J. Roemer Jessie B. Northrup Jana M. Iverson 《Developmental science》2023,26(2):e13281
Studies of dyadic interaction often examine infants’ social exchanges with their caregivers in settings that constrain their physical properties (e.g., infant posture, fixed seating location for infants and adults). Methodological decisions about the physical arrangements of interaction, however, may limit our ability to understand how posture and position shape them. Here we focused on these embodied properties of dyadic interaction in the context of object play. We followed 30 mother–infant dyads across the first year of life (at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months) and observed them during 5 min of play with a standard set of toys. Using an interval-based coding system, we measured developmental change in infant posture, how mothers and infants positioned themselves relative to one another, and how they populated interaction spaces with objects. Results showed that mother–infant dyads co-constructed interaction spaces and that the contributions of each partner changed across development. Dyads progressively adopted a broader spatial co-orientation during play (e.g., positioned at right angles) across the first year. Moreover, advances in infants’ postural skills, particularly increases in the use of independent sitting in real time, uniquely predicted change in dyadic co-orientation and infants’ actions with objects, independent of age. Taken together, we show that the embodied properties of dyadic object play help determine how interactions are physically organized and unfold, both in real time and across the first year of life. 相似文献
113.
Ciera Davidson Aigli Raouna Ruaridh Malcolm Raquib Ibrahim Angus MacBeth 《Infant mental health journal》2023,44(1):100-116
It is recognized that parenthood in the context of psychosocial adversity can have negative implications for infant development. Parenting programs are the first line of intervention to improve outcomes for families; however, evidence for the effectiveness of group-based, targeted early interventions is still scarce. Preliminary findings indicate Mellow Babies (MB) as a promising group-based parenting program for families at risk for parenting difficulties. Using thematic analysis, we aimed to understand: (i) the aspects of the intervention that enabled parents to complete the program and (ii) the relational and behavioral changes perceived as valuable for parents and their babies post-intervention. In total, 68 parents residing in the United Kingdom were interviewed after completing MB (49 mothers and 19 fathers; 88% self-identified as British). Three themes and six subthemes were generated from the data. Parents identified several intervention components as beneficial, including the facilitators' interpersonal skills and multi-dimensional, group-based approach. Participant reflections highlighted three underlying mechanisms that enabled positive change: (i) the sense of community cultivated within the group, (ii) the process of formulating and re-conceptualizing one's difficulties, and (iii) the opportunity to reshape interpersonal interactions. Findings are discussed within the context of perinatal and infant mental health. 相似文献
114.
幼儿气质与母亲教养方式的选择 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
采用TTQ儿童气质问卷、母亲教养方式问卷和访谈法,对3-5岁322名幼儿气质及其母亲教养方式进行调查,探求幼儿气质对母亲教养方式的影响,以提高母亲对其子女教养水平和有效性。研究结果表明:幼儿气质是影响母亲教养方式的重要因素,其作用不同。1.容易引发母亲良好的教养方式的积极气质因素,如较高的适应性、积极乐观的心境、较高的注意持久性;2.容易引发母亲不良的教养方式的消极气质因素,如高反应强度、高活动性 相似文献
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《Psychology of sport and exercise》2014,15(6):637-641
ObjectivesSingle mothers experience negative health consequences that might be reduced through participation in physical activity, yet little is known about physical activity correlates among this population. This study examined social cognitive theory (SCT) correlates of physical activity among single mothers with young children.DesignCross-sectional.MethodSingle mothers (N = 94) with at least one child less than 5 years old completed SCT questionnaires, wore an accelerometer for one week, and then completed the Godin Leisure Time Exercise questionnaire. Physical activity scores were standardized and averaged to yield a composite physical activity score.ResultsRegression analysis indicated that self-efficacy was a direct predictor of composite physical activity; in the final model planning was the only statistically significant predictor of composite physical activity scores.ConclusionsPlanning and self-efficacy might be important factors to include when designing physical activity interventions for single mothers. 相似文献
119.
Paul Terry 《Psychodynamic Practice》2013,19(1):29-39
This is the penultimate paper in a series about working with a patient suffering from a psychotic disorder. The paper describes the third year of the work in which ‘John’ had four breakdowns in a period of six months. Much of the time I was unable to think. I was sitting on the edge of my chair either worrying that John was breaking down again or trying to help him recover from a breakdown. My small office became a cramped prison cell in which I felt myself a witness to a disturbing dance into and out of madness. A turning point seemed to happen as I developed a way of thinking about John's breakdowns. I seemed then to become a less persecutory figure in John's mind and more someone to whom John could turn for help. We found a way of thinking and talking about an infant in John. John responded by finding a way of being in my office as though he was reclining in a hammock. His breakdowns ceased. He was able to share in common humanity's concerns following September 11. Finally, I discuss thoughts about containment particularly about the paternal role in containment, drawing on Robert Caper's elaboration of Bion's ideas about containing psychotic aspects of experience. 相似文献
120.
ICU患者经历着各种各样的疼痛,镇痛治疗对于ICU患者至关重要.目前可用于ICU成年患者的镇痛药物很多,主要有阿片类镇痛药、解热镇痛抗炎药和对某些特殊疼痛状态有效的药物.阿片类药物仍是非神经性疼痛的一线用药,使用最多的是阿片受体激动药,包括吗啡、芬太尼、舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼等,其中舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼在国内ICU中使用经验不多;阿片受体部分激动药在国内ICU使用很少,包括喷他佐辛、地佐辛等;非甾体类镇痛药在国内ICU使用也很少,包括氟比洛芬酯、帕瑞昔布等.本文旨在简单介绍舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、部分阿片受体激动剂及非甾体类镇痛药在ICU的应用. 相似文献