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992.
Abstract. Neural fetal tissue transplantation offers promise as a treatment for devasting neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Two types of issues arise from this procedure: those associated with the use of fetuses, and those associated with the use of neural tissue. The former issues have been examined in many forums; the latter have not. This paper reviews issues and arguments raised by the use of fetal tissue in general, but focuses on the implications of the use of neural tissue for basic concepts of personnood and personal identity. 相似文献
993.
Unique ethical problems in information technology 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Professor Walter Maner 《Science and engineering ethics》1996,2(2):137-154
A distinction is made between moral indoctrination and instruction in ethics. It is argued that the legitimate and important
field of computer ethics should not be permitted to become mere moral indoctrination. Computer ethics is an academic field
in its own right with unique ethical issues that would not have existed if computer technology had not been invented. Several
example issues are presented to illustrate this point. The failure to find satisfactory non-computer analogies testifies to
the uniqueness of computer ethics. Lack of an effective analogy forces us to discover new moral values, formulate new moral
principles, develop new policies, and find new ways to think about the issues presented to us. For all of these reasons, the
kind of issues presented deserve to be addressed separately from others that might at first appear similar. At the very least,
they have been so transformed by computing technology that their altered form demands special attention. 相似文献
994.
Professor Robert E. McGinn 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(3):217-230
This essay explores the issue of the moral rights of engineers. An historical case study is presented in which an accomplished,
loyal, senior engineer was apparently wronged as a result of actions taken by his employer in pursuit of legitimate business
interests. Belief that the engineer was wronged is justified by showing that what happened to him violated what can validly
be termed one of his moral rights as an engineer: the right to reputational fairness. It is then argued that, this right notwithstanding,
under certain circumstances it is morally permissible for employers to override it. The paper concludes by identifying two
complementary facets of this right, discussing its scope, and indicating what is required of employers obliged to respect
it in two types of action contexts.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the History of Technology in Washington,
D.C. on October 16, 1993. I am indebted to Stephanie J. Bird, Taft Broome, Deborah Johnson, Carl Mitcham, Walter Vincenti,
Vivian Weil, and Caroline Whitbeck for helpful critical comments.
Professor of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management and, by courtesy, of Civil Engineering, and in the Program
in Science, Technology, and Society, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-2120. 相似文献
995.
J. Wesley Robbins 《Zygon》1995,30(3):357-367
Abstract. The philosopher Michael Ruse accounts for the difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives, and thus the origin of distinctively moral obligations like that of altruism, in genetic terms. This is part of an attempt to develop a philosophy that takes Darwin seriously by substituting respectable scientific entities, specifically those of evolutionary biology, for suspect theological or philosophical ones, like God or the transcendental ego, as a basis for addressing philosophical questions. Pragmatists take Darwin seriously, but in a very different way from that proposed by Ruse. Darwin introduced a “logic” into the study of living things—including human beings, the human mind, and culture— that leads philosophers to ask new and different questions about morality rather than trying to supply new answers to the same old questions. This essay contrasts these two different ways of taking Darwin seriously for purposes of philosophy and claims certain advantages for the pragmatist way over Ruse's. 相似文献
996.
Philip E. Devine 《Argumentation》1995,9(4):611-616
The denial of moral absolutes rests, I think, on a seductive but fallacious argument, which I shall attempt both to expound and to refute here. Human beings are highly complex creatures living in a highly complex world. Every human being is different from every other, every interaction or relationship between or among human beings is unique. Hence also every occasion for moral choice is also unique, and all those action kinds - be theyadultery, murder, rape, theft, ortorture on which moralists are accustomed to pass judgment include an enormous variety of differing transactions, which ideally ought to be evaluated one by one. Moreover, each proposed action has a variety of different aspects: intention, foreseen consequence, conventional meaning, and symbolic significance for example, which bear on moral choice in a wide variety of ways. Moral rules are therefore rules of thumb, open to exceptions whenever persuasive arguments for making them are provided. 相似文献
997.
Frank J. Tipler 《Zygon》1989,24(2):217-253
Abstract. I present an outline of the Omega Point theory, which is a model for an omnipresent, omniscient, omnipotent, evolving, personal God who is both transcendent to spacetime and immanent in it, and who exists necessarily. The model is a falsifiable physical theory, deriving its key concepts not from any religious tradition but from modern physical cosmology and computer science; from scientific materialism rather than revelation. Four testable predictions of the model are given. The theory assumes that thinking is a purely physical process of the brain, and that personality dies with the brain. Nevertheless, I show that the Omega Point theory suggests a future universal resurrection of the dead very similar to the one predicted in the Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition. The notions of "grace" and the "beatific vision" appear naturally in the model. 相似文献
998.
Ben Spiecker 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1990,10(2):157-164
In this article an analysis of trust is given and two basic forms of trust are distinguished, viz., trust in powers and trust in inclinations. These forms of trust allow us to gain a better understanding in the pivotal role trust plays in the relationship between caretakers, parents and children. It is argued that it makes no sense to speak about basic mistrust of infants, and that having unlimited trust in the inclinations of adults is only a virtue in children. By having trust in both the powers and inclinations of children, parents stimulate the development of their self-confidence and moral identity. 相似文献
999.
Robert Lipkin 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1989,10(4):311-330
This article explores the relations among and between intimacy, psychotherapeutic relationships and moral advice. The article concludes that a psychotherapeutic relationship is not usefully explained in terms of intimacy. Instead, a psychiatric relationship is a form of moral advice, and it is this dimension of a psychotherapeutic relationship as a form of moral advice that poses a natural limit to the confidentiality necessary for engaging in psychotherapy. 相似文献
1000.