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921.
W. M. Alex McIntosh Sarah Schulz Wesley Dean Morgan H. Scott Kerry S. Barling Isao Takei 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(1):51-67
This cross‐sectional survey research study examined the role moral beliefs play in predicting behavioural beliefs and attitudes and the role that subjective norms play in predicting moral beliefs. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, one hundred and three feedlot veterinarians completed measures of behavioural beliefs, referent others, perceived constraints and moral beliefs regarding recommendations to use antimicrobials in four situations (i.e. acutely sick cattle, chronically sick cattle, at‐risk cattle and high‐risk cattle). Regression analysis and F‐tests indicate moral beliefs as contributing significant increases in R2 to models predicting behavioural beliefs regarding antimicrobial use in each situation. In addition, subjective norms contribute a significant increase in R2 in models predicting moral beliefs in each of the four situations. The results indicate the effects of moral beliefs on behavioural beliefs are somewhat contingent on the condition; that is the level of risk associated with treating cattle with antimicrobials, the level of risk of not doing so, and the effectiveness of the antimicrobial in situations such as acute illness or being at‐risk of illness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
922.
This paper comments on Gallagher’s recently published direct perception proposal about social cognition [Gallagher, S. (2008a). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 535–543]. I show that direct perception is in danger of being appropriated by the very cognitivist accounts criticised by Gallagher (theory theory and simulation theory). Then I argue that the experiential directness of perception in social situations can be understood only in the context of the role of the interaction process in social cognition. I elaborate on the role of social interaction with a discussion of participatory sense-making to show that direct perception, rather than being a perception enriched by mainly individual capacities, can be best understood as an interactional phenomenon. 相似文献
923.
Marius C. Felderhof 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2009,30(2):145-158
The article investigates the meaning of temperance by noting some cultural assumptions, raising the question as to why this classical virtue has largely disappeared from modern ethical discourse. By means of some historical notes temperance is identified as the unifying virtue in the person and in society. In its Christian form it is related to love of the transcendent goal of human life. By being similarly goal driven, education should consider the cardinal virtues and celebrate them through worship. 相似文献
924.
Daniel Faulx 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2009,15(1):5-20
This paper focuses on the emergence of the concept of bullying at work in western societies since the nineties. The authors investigate two hypothesis : bullying is associated with new conceptions of social relations and bullying is associated with new work realities. The paper demonstrate that the two hypothesis are complentary. 相似文献
925.
Although pointing is not part of great apes’ natural gestural repertoire, they can learn to point to food, in order to request
it. To assess the flexibility with which they can use this gesture, one can vary the potential referent of the point. In two
previous studies, three orangutans (two of them human-reared) have shown the ability to point to the location of a tool which
a human experimenter needed in order to give them food. Here, we tested six orangutans and five bonobos using a set-up in
which our subjects had to guide a human experimenter to the hiding place of a fork which was needed in order to retrieve a
piece of food for the subject out of a vertical tube. We further examined the potential role of a competitive/deceptive context
by varying the identity of the person responsible for hiding the tool. In addition, we implemented three different control
conditions in which an object was hidden but it was not necessary to indicate its location to get the food. We found that
the majority of subjects spontaneously guided the experimenter to the hiding place of the fork by pointing to it when it was
necessary and they did so significantly less in control conditions. We did not find an effect of the person hiding the fork.
Our results show that mother-reared orangutans and bonobos are able to point to inform a human about the location of an object
that the human needs to procure food for the subject and that they can take into account whether it is relevant or not to
do so.
相似文献
Felizitas ZimmermannEmail: |
926.
Visual perspective taking research has established that chimpanzees recognize what others can or cannot see in the presence
of occluding barriers. Less is known about chimpanzees’ appreciation of what they themselves can or cannot see in similar
situations. Additionally, it is unclear whether chimpanzees must rely on others’ gaze cues to solve such tasks or whether
they have a more general appreciation of what can be seen from where. Hence, we investigated chimpanzees’ ability to anticipate
what they would or would not be able to see from different visual perspectives. Food was hidden among arrays of open containers,
with different containers providing visual access from unique viewing perspectives. Chimpanzees immediately adopted the correct
perspective for each container type. Follow-up experiments showed that they were not simply moving to align themselves with
visible openings. Our study thus suggests that chimpanzees have good visual perspective taking abilities with regard to themselves
as well as others, and that both likely reflect a more general knowledge, at least implicit, of what can be seen from where.
相似文献
Josep CallEmail: |
927.
The present study examined children's and adults' categorization and moral judgment of truthful and untruthful statements. 7‐, 9‐ and 11‐year‐old Chinese children and college students read stories in which story characters made truthful or untruthful statements and were asked to classify and evaluate the statements. The statements varied in terms of whether the speaker intended to help or harm a listener and whether the statement was made in a setting that called for informational accuracy or politeness. Results showed that the communicative intent and setting factors jointly influence children's categorization of lying and truth‐telling, which extends an earlier finding (Lee & Ross, 1997) to childhood. Also, we found that children's and adults' moral judgments of lying and truth‐telling were influenced by the communicative intent but not the setting factor. The present results were discussed in terms of Sweetser's (1987) folkloristic model of lying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
928.
To build a true conscious robot requires that a robot’s “brain” be capable of supporting the phenomenal consciousness as human’s
brain enjoys. Operational Architectonics framework through exploration of the temporal structure of information flow and inter-area
interactions within the network of functional neuronal populations [by examining topographic sharp transition processes in
the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) on the millisecond scale] reveals and describes the EEG architecture which is analogous
to the architecture of the phenomenal world. This suggests that the task of creating the “machine” consciousness would require
a machine implementation that can support the kind of hierarchical architecture found in EEG.
相似文献
Andrew A. FingelkurtsEmail: |
929.
当代西方道德人格研究的两类取向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
道德人格研究是西方道德心理学的新主题,主要有两类取向:特质取向和社会认知取向。特质取向把道德人格理解为与道德有关的人格特质,对道德榜样的自然概念和真实道德榜样的人格特征进行了大量研究。社会认知取向以社会认知图式、知识结构和认知-情感机制来解释道德人格,揭示了个体内部动态的心理过程。未来的道德人格研究要强调两类取向的结合,加强发展过程和影响因素研究,并注重多水平与多学科的整合。 相似文献
930.
Juan Pablo Jiménez 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2009,90(2):231-248
The central objective of this presentation is to reflect on the obstacles involved in the task proposed by the Chicago Congress, which is to explore convergences and divergences in psychoanalytic practice. The author discusses two major obstacles. First, the epistemological and methodological problems in relation to the construction of theory in psychoanalysis and especially the inaccessibility, in any reliable way, of what psychoanalysts really do in the intimacy of their practice. He proposes to separate, at least in part, theory from practice in psychoanalysis, in an attempt to grasp psychoanalysts' practice in its own merits. He then outlines a phenomenology of the practice of psychoanalysis, which reveals that, in their work with patients, analysts are guided more by practical reasons than theoretical reasons; that is, their interventions are predictions rather than explanations. Since these practical reasons need to be validated constantly in the analytic relationship based on their effects, he discusses the subject of validation in the clinical context of the core theory of therapeutic change in psychoanalysis, that is, the conditions required for clinical practice to satisfy the thesis of an inseparable union between gaining knowledge and cure. He ends by challenging the core of the psychoanalytic theory of change, arguing that it neither does justice to the practice of psychoanalysts nor to contemporary knowledge of processes and mechanisms of therapeutic change. Finally, he proposes that we detach practice from theory, in order to study the former in its own merits, utilising a plurality of methods ranging from systematic investigation to the recent methodology of the Working Party. 相似文献