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排序方式: 共有303条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Mood has varied effects on cognitive performance including the accuracy of face recognition (Lundh & Ost, 1996). Three experiments are presented here that explored face recognition abilities in mood-induced participants. Experiment 1 demonstrated that happy-induced participants are less accurate and have a more conservative response bias than sad-induced participants in a face recognition task. Using a remember/know/guess procedure, Experiment 2 showed that sad-induced participants had more conscious recollections of faces than happy-induced participants. Additionally, sad-induced participants could recognise all faces accurately, whereas, happy- and neutral-induced participants recognised happy faces more accurately than sad faces. In Experiment 3, these effects were not observed when participants intentionally learnt the faces, rather than incidentally learnt the faces. It is suggested that happy-induced participants do not process faces as elaborately as sad-induced participants. 相似文献
72.
Mirjam A. Jenny Thorsten Pachur S. Lloyd Williams Eni Becker Jürgen Margraf 《Journal of applied research in memory and cognition》2013,2(3):149-157
Depressive disorders are major public health issues worldwide. We tested the capacity of a simple lexicographic and noncompensatory fast and frugal tree (FFT) and a simple compensatory unit-weight model to detect depressed mood relative to a complex compensatory logistic regression and a naïve maximization model. The FFT and the two compensatory models were fitted to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of a representative sample of 1382 young women and cross validated on the women's BDI score approximately 18 months later. Although the FFT on average inspected only approximately one cue, it outperformed the naïve maximization model and performed comparably to the compensatory models. The heavier false alarms were weighted relative to misses, the better the FFT and the unit-weight model performed. We conclude that simple decision tools—which have received relatively little attention in mental health settings so far—might offer a competitive alternative to complex weighted assessment models in this domain. 相似文献
73.
Sakaki M 《The Japanese psychological research》2004,46(2):127-134
Some people cope with negative moods by retrieving positive memories, which is mood-incongruent recall. Though mood-incongruent recall is helpful for mood-regulation, the factors that influence people's ability to utilize mood-incongruent recall are not well understood. This study investigated whether complex knowledge structure is a factor for the ability of mood-incongruent recall, based on self-complexity. In the experiment, 50 participants were requested to recall positive memories in both neutral and negative moods. The results of this study indicated that self-complexity was an important factor associated with participants' ability to recall positive memories while they were in negative moods. Participants who rated high in self-complexity were those whose knowledge is structured in a complex way, recalled more highly positive memories in negative moods than in neutral moods. On the other hand, participants who were rated low in self-complexity with simple knowledge structures recalled memories with a lower extent of positivity in negative moods than those in neutral moods. 相似文献
74.
Relations with Parents and with Peers,Temperament, and Trajectories of Depressed Mood During Early Adolescence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present study examined (a) whether groups of children can be empirically identified with distinct longitudinal profiles
of depressed mood from late childhood through early adolescence, (b) to what extent these different longitudinal depression
profiles are predicted by problematic relations with parents, same-sex peers, and other-sex peers, and (c) what role individuals'
temperamental characteristics play in this context. Based on a sample of 414 early adolescents (197 girls), four groups were
identified with distinct longitudinal profiles of depressed mood between ages 11 and 14: One group with consistently low levels
of depressed mood, another with consistently moderate levels of depressed mood, a third group whose depressed mood increased
sharply from late childhood through early adolescence, and a fourth group who already showed clinical-range levels of depressed
mood during late childhood and whose depressive feelings increased even slightly more thereafter. Subsequent analyses revealed
that rejection by same-sex peers was related to the odds of following an increasing trajectory of depressed mood, but only
for girls with a highly reactive temperament. A problematic relationship with parents increased the odds of an elevated trajectory
of depressed mood regardless of individual temperament. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Changes in testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) were evaluated in males competing in a non-athletic laboratory reaction time task. Subjects were randomly assigned to “win” or “lose” by adjusting feedback regarding their task performance. Further, subjects were randomly assigned to either a Close Contest condition (where one person barely “defeated” his opponent), or a Decisive condition (in which the victory was clear). Throughout competition, samples of saliva were taken and assayed later for T and C. Post-competition mood and attributions were also measured. Winners had higher overall T levels than losers, with no significant difference between Close Contest or Decisive Victory conditions. In contrast, C levels did not differ between winners and losers nor did Condition (Close or Decisive) have any effect. Mood was depressed in Decisive losers compared to all other groups. The results indicate that the perception of winning or losing, regardless of actual performance or merit on the task, differentially influenced T (but not C) levels, and that such hormonal changes are not simply general arousal effects but are related to mood and status change. 相似文献
76.
Loeber R Farrington DP Stouthamer-Loeber M Moffitt TE Caspi A Lynam D 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2001,4(4):273-297
This paper reviews key findings on juvenile mental health problems in boys, psychopathy, and personality traits, obtained in the first 14 years of studies using data from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. This is a study of 3 samples, each of about 500 boys initially randomly drawn from boys in the 1st, 4th, and 7th grades of public schools in Pittsburgh. The boys have been followed regularly, initially each half year, and later at yearly intervals. Currently, the oldest boys are about 25 years old, whereas the youngest boys are about 19. Findings are presented on the prevalence and interrelation of disruptive behaviors, ADHD, and depressed mood. Results concerning risk factors for these outcomes are reviewed. Psychological factors such as psychopathy, impulsivity, and personality are described. The paper closes with findings on service delivery of boys with mental health problems. 相似文献
77.
One hundred sixty-three individuals participated in this study, which assessed relations among personality traits, mood states, and driving behaviors. Each participant underwent a standard driving evaluation on the road and completed the NEO PI-R Personality Inventory and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results indicated that the mood states of depression-dejection, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia, vigor activity, and tension-anxiety were related to Cautiousness while driving for young adults, while personality traits were not found to be related to driving. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
78.
Miers AC Rieffe C Meerum Terwogt M Cowan R Linden W 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(4):653-664
Attempts to explain the experience of somatic complaints among children and adolescents suggest that they may in part result from the influence of particular strategies for coping with anger on the longevity of negative emotions. To explore these relationships British (n = 393) and Dutch (n = 299) children completed a modified version of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire (BARQ), and two additional questionnaires assessing anger mood and somatic complaints. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that for both the UK and Dutch samples two coping styles, Social support-seeking and Rumination, made a significant contribution to somatic complaints, over and above the variance explained by anger mood. A tendency to repeatedly think or talk about an angering event as a way of coping seems to underlie the observed negative health effects. In addition, tentative support is given for a broader range of strategies to cope with anger than just the traditionally studied anger-out and anger-in styles. 相似文献
79.
Thomas A. Langens 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(2):105-114
Previous research has found that illusions of control (IOC) can buffer against the emotional consequences of failure and may
increase persistence in the face of failure. Theoretical analyses suggest that IOC are most closely related to a better mood
and higher motivation if failure feedback is open to reinterpretation. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis
that explicitness (vs. ambiguousness) of failure feedback moderates the consequences of IOC following a failure experience.
In accord with predictions, it was found that IOC were subsequently related to a better mood (Study 1) and higher persistence
(Study 2) if individuals received ambiguous task-inherent failure feedback. In contrast, explicit failure feedback seemed
to neutralize the beneficial effects of IOC. These results are discussed with respect to the adaptiveness of IOC.
相似文献
Thomas A. LangensEmail: |
80.
Tracy A. Dennis 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(3):200-207
Affective style reflecting approach and inhibition is thought to be associated in distinct ways with anxious versus depressed
mood; relatively few studies, however, consider how the interaction between affective style and the strategies individuals
use to regulate mood and emotion might influence these associations. Sixty-seven non-disordered adults self-reported on their
use of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), behavioral approach (BAS) and
behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS) dimensions of affective style, and anxious and depressed mood (trait anxiety and symptoms
of depression). Trait anxiety versus depressed mood was associated with unique interactive patterns of emotion regulation
and affective style: enhanced use of reappraisal was linked to less depressed mood in those reporting low BAS, whereas high
suppression was linked to greater trait anxiety in those reporting low BIS. The implications of findings for typical emotional
processes and for clinical disorders and interventions are discussed. 相似文献