A rational analysis of rule-based concept learning

This article proposes a new model of human concept learning that provides a rational analysis of learning feature-based concepts. This model is built upon Bayesian inference for a grammatically structured hypothesis space—a concept language of logical rules. This article compares the model predictions to human generalization judgments in several well-known category learning experiments, and finds good agreement for both average and individual participant generalizations. This article further investigates judgments for a broad set of 7-feature concepts—a more natural setting in several ways—and again finds that the model explains human performance.     

心境对未来事件发生概率判断的影响

本研究采用短影片人为诱发心境的方法,用正性和负性两种情绪事件作为刺激材料,在控制人格变量的前提下,探讨了大学生在不同心境下对未来事件发生概率的判断中是否存在心境一致性效应。结果表明：（1）愉悦心境会增加做出积极判断的倾向,悲伤心境会增加做出消极判断的倾向;（2）无论是在愉悦心境还是在悲伤心境中,被试在对未来事件发生概率的判断上不存在性别差异。结果支持心境对未来事件发生概率判断有所影响,即诱发的心境与未来事件的效价存在一致性效应。     

坏心情与工作行为：中庸思维跨层次的调节作用

本研究探讨工作中坏心情与3种工作行为(组织公民行为、反生产行为和任务绩效行为)在个体内水平的关系, 以及中庸思维在二者间跨层次的调节作用。采用经验抽样方法, 通过对72名员工历时两周的追踪调查, 获取被试每日心情状态和每日工作行为的数据。HLM 6.02分析表明：(1)每日坏心情显著地负向影响每日的组织公民行为和任务绩效行为, 而对反生产行为无显著影响; (2)中庸思维在“心情-行为”的联系间发挥调节作用, 高中庸思维者的坏心情对组织公民行为的负向影响较弱, 低中庸思维者的坏心情对组织公民行为的负向影响较强; 高中庸思维者的坏心情对任务绩效行为产生正向影响, 低中庸思维者的坏心情对任务绩效行为产生负向影响。     

情绪能预测股市吗?

人类的非理性被经济学家Keynes视为是造成经济波动的主要原因, 而情绪是非理性行为的背后推动力之一。那么情绪是否与股票市场波动有关, 甚至预测股市波动？首先, 笔者从心理和神经生理角度出发, 尝试解释决策主体情绪、社会情绪是如何影响个体金融决策的。其次, 笔者将情绪与股市关系研究大致划分为投资者情绪与社会情绪研究。投资者情绪研究主要通过主观调查和客观市场指标构建情绪指标; 而近年来的社会情绪研究, 尤其是基于互联网平台的社会情绪研究, 为情绪与股市关系研究注入了新的活力。关于情绪与股市的关系问题远未定论, 情绪影响股市的内在机制也有待未来研究继续深化。而互联网大数据资源和信息技术在情绪与股市关系这一研究领域中, 将扮演越来越重要的角色。     

白血病诱导分化治疗中的生态自然观

诱导分化是一种治疗白血病的新方法,它通过促使分化不完全的肿瘤细胞分化成熟,使恶性转为良性.临床应用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导急性早幼粒细胞性白血病取得了较高的完全缓解率,毒副作用也较低.诱导分化治疗策略突破了将杀灭肿瘤细胞作为治疗肿瘤的惟一方法的思维局限,谋求在与白血病细胞的和谐中获得人类的健康,是生态自然观应用于医疗实践的成功范例.     

有偿献血艾滋病患者的情绪状况及影响因素分析

考察有偿献血艾滋病患者的情绪状况 ,探讨他们面临的艾滋病压力和家庭状况、周围环境、身体状况等对情绪的影响。采用Beck抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、艾滋病压力量表作为测查工具 ,测查了 1 85名有偿献血艾滋病患者 ,并收集了他们的人口学资料和生理学指标信息。结果发现 :( 1 )有偿献血艾滋病患者存在着严重的情绪障碍 ,他们的焦虑程度不但显著高于正常人 ,而且显著高于神经衰弱者和焦虑症者 ,且 92 %的患者有中、重度抑郁障碍 ;( 2 )身体症状和情绪 /生存压力能够显著预测焦虑的程度 ,社会压力和情绪 /生存压力能够显著预测抑郁的程度。因此 ,有偿献血艾滋病患者抑郁、焦虑情绪障碍严重 ,症状和艾滋病压力是情绪障碍的有效预测因素。     

Anticipated Success at Unconscious Goal Pursuit: Consequences for Mood, Self-Esteem, and the Evaluation of a Goal-Relevant Task

This study extends recent research showing that fulfillment of unconscious goals can have the same affective consequences as fulfillment of conscious goals (T. L. Chartrand, 2001). Participants were unobtrusively primed with stimuli either relevant or irrelevant to the goal to seek knowledge. Next, an opportunity to fulfill the knowledge-seeking goal was announced (i.e., a test and subsequent feedback on a fictitious cognitive ability). As expected, participants in the knowledge-goal condition responded more positively to the announcement in terms of mood, self-esteem, and test evaluation than did participants in the no-goal condition. Consistent with a motivational account, the priming procedure did not influence mood and self-esteem when these variables were measured before test announcement.     

SARS危机下网民的情绪状况及其影响因素

通过网络调查的方式 ,采用POMS SF和EPQ RSC问卷以及针对SARS流行的自编题目 ,对 1 85名上网民众进行了调查 ,以了解SARS危机下民众的情绪状况 ,探讨形成不同情绪状况的影响因素。结果发现有大约一半(50 .8% )的被试POMS SF总分在 3 0分以下 ;在SARS危机下 ,人格类型、教育程度、经济收入及其评价、婚姻、地区 (疫区与非疫区 )、年龄等方面的差异影响着人们的情绪状况。研究认为我国大多数网民在SARS威胁下情绪状况基本保持良好 ;对SARS压力的心理控制感、人格类型、社会支持上的差异可能是导致人们出现不同情绪状况的原因。     

An examination of the relationships among emotion management,interpersonal hassles,and depressive symptomatology

This study extended previous research by testing three models predicting depressive symptoms from emotion management (EM) and interpersonal hassles in a sample with a wide range of depression scores. Adults (n = 218) from sources including a depression internet site completed measures of interpersonal hassles, depression, and three aspects of EM (attention to, clarity of, and repair of emotions). Regression analyses supported a model in which lower clarity and repair scores and greater frequency of interpersonal hassles each contributed directly to depression scores. While lower attention to emotions was associated with fewer interpersonal hassles, it did not correlate significantly with depression scores. Moderation analyses did not support a model of EM components acting on depression by buffering effects of interpersonal hassles. A model of depression and hassles predicting EM difficulties was also considered; when both hassles and depression scores were entered to predict EM, only depressive symptoms uniquely predicted clarity and repair.