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191.
W M Baum 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2001,75(3):338-378
The molar view of behavior arose in response to the demonstrated inadequacy of explanations based on contiguity. Although Dinsmoor's (2001) modifications to two-factor theory render it irrefutable, a more basic criticism arises when we see that the molar and molecular views differ paradigmatically. The molar view has proven more productive. 相似文献
192.
Robert John Russell 《Zygon》2001,36(2):269-308
This paper explores the relevance of the theology of Paul Tillich for the contemporary dialogue with the natural sciences. The focus is on his Systematic Theology , volume I. First I discuss the general relevance of Tillich's methodology (namely, the method of correlation) for that dialogue, stressing that a genuine dialogue requires cognitive input from both sides and that both sides find "value added" according to their own criteria (or what I call the method of "mutual creative interaction"). Then I move specifically to a Tillichian theological analysis of twentieth-century theoretical science and its empirical discoveries, including Big Bang, inflationary, and quantum cosmologies, quantum physics, thermodynamics, chaos and complexity, and molecular and evolutionary biology, suggesting how they relate to such Tillichian themes as finitude and the categories of being and knowing (time, space, causality, and substance) and to Tillich's understanding of such symbols as God, freedom and destiny, creation, and estrangement. In doing so, my intention is to provide a point of departure for further extended analyses of Tillich's theology in relation to contemporary natural science. 相似文献
193.
194.
Kradin RL 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2011,56(1):37-55
Psychosomatic disorders represent a therapeutic conundrum. Despite compelling evidence to suggest the integrity of mind and body, humans are famously prone to experiencing them as separate. This paper explores the scientific challenges posed by psychosomatic disorders and how changing cultural notions contribute to their perplexing presentations. Excerpts of cases from patients with chronic pelvic pain, chronic fatigue, and a factitious disorder are presented as examples of the challenges that these patients pose in analysis. An explanatory model of mind/body interaction based on early maternal-infant interactions and the placebo response complex is proposed as the basis for how psychosomatic pathologies may develop. Finally, therapeutic approaches to the psychological treatment of patients with psychosomatic issues are considered. 相似文献
195.
John W Donahoe 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2012,97(2):249-260
This review focuses on parallels between the selectionist sciences of evolutionary biology and behavior analysis. In selectionism, complex phenomena are interpreted as the cumulative products of relatively simple processes acting over time—natural selection in evolutionary biology and reinforcement in behavior analysis. Because evolutionary biology is the more mature science, an examination of the factors that led to the triumph of natural selection provides clues whereby reinforcement may achieve a similar fate in the science of behavior. 相似文献
196.
197.
We examined broad dimensions of children's personalities (total n = 1056; age = 3.5 to 12 years) based on observers' perceptions following a few hours of structured interaction. Siblings' behaviours during a 2‐hour cognitive assessment in the home were rated separately by two different observers. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses clearly revealed a two‐factor solution in three different samples. There was correspondence between parent‐rated temperament and observer‐rated factors. Cross‐sectional analyses indicated lower Plasticity among older children and higher Stability among older children. Sex differences were negligible. Plasticity and Stability were correlated in the .2 to .3 range. Most of the sibling similarity in the Plasticity was due to additive genetic influences, whereas most sibling similarity in Stability was attributable to shared environmental influences. The findings implicate a biometric factor structure to childhood personality that fits well with emerging biosocial theories of personality development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
198.
The self-guided molecular dynamics (SGMD) method, which can enhance the conformational sampling efficiency in MD simulations, was applied in investigating the phase transformation of Cu precipitate in α-iron that took place during thermal aging. It was shown that the SGMD method can accelerate calculating the bcc to 9R structure transformation of a small precipitate (even 4.0 nm in size), enabling the transformation without introducing any excess vacancies. The size dependence of the transformation also agreed with that seen in previous experimental studies. 相似文献
199.
Timothy J. Rupert 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(1):20-28
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to show that cyclic mechanical loading can relax the non-equilibrium grain boundary (GB) structures of nanocrystalline metals by dissipating energy and reducing the average atomic energy of the system, leading to higher strengths. The GB processes that dominate deformation in these materials allow low-energy boundary configurations to be found through kinematically irreversible structural changes during cycling, which increases the subsequent resistance to plastic deformation. 相似文献
200.
We report a computational study of BaCO3 at high pressure using molecular dynamics simulation based on a recent potential model. The first phase transition from the witherite to the post-aragonite phase is observed at 9.67 GPa with a resistance to shear along the [0 0 1] direction and a high compressibility in a direction perpendicular to the layers. This stable phase is also found through the variation of the bulk modulus, the shear moduli, and the compressional and shear wave velocities with pressure. A softening mode is noticed at a pressure around 10 GPa. The computed X-ray diffraction pattern of the post-aragonite phase at 16 GPa shows favorable agreement with the available experimental data. 相似文献