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101.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Development and Stability of Executive Functions in Children of Preschool Age: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Twins
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Executive functions (EF) are an important predictor of later adaptive development. A number of environmental influences, such as parenting, have been suggested as important promoters of EF development. However, behavioural genetic research has demonstrated that many environmental influences could be affected by genetic influences. Therefore, it is important to consider genetic variations when investigating environmental influences on EF development in children. To date, few studies have used genetically informative designs to assess the etiology of EF development during the preschool years, a period of rapid development. As a result, it remains unclear how and to what extent the environmental influences that are not confounded by genetic influences affect EF development during this developmental period. The present study explored EF development during the preschool years using a longitudinal and genetically informative design and a non‐Western population. Japanese twins were visited at their homes and individually tested on EF measures at 24, 36, and 48 months of age. Phenotypic correlations and confirmatory factor analyses suggested that EF are less cohesive at 24 months of age and emerge as a common single factor at 36 and 48 months. Additionally, longitudinal and multivariate behavioural genetic analyses indicated that the EF developmental change during this period is promoted by both shared and nonshared environmental influences as well as genetic influences, while EF stability is brought about by shared environments. The present findings elucidated the etiology of EF development during the preschool years and confirmed that this period is an important transitional stage for EF development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hui Dan Qiang Xian Li Chen Tianheng Xiong Luyu Chen Qihong Huang 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2019,99(3):110-117
A facile route has been developed to synthesise mesoporous SBA-15 using mild H3PO4 (replacing the most commonly used strong acid HC1) as the medium and the effects of H3PO4 concentration and synthesis temperature on the mesostructure and morphology of the resultant materials investigated. The results demonstrate that a more ordered structure can be obtained at low H3PO4 concentration (1–2?M), while a higher H3PO4 concentration (3–4?M) results in a less ordered structure. Furthermore, the morphology of SBA-15 particles transforms from rod-like to sphere-like with increasing H3PO4 concentration. 相似文献
105.
Terence D. Keel 《Zygon》2019,54(1):261-279
In what follows, I first deal with some of the major philosophical objections raised against my claim that Christian thought has given us racial science. Then, I take on points of dispute surrounding my use of Hans Blumenberg's notion of reoccupation to explain the recurrence of Christian forms within modern scientific thinking. Finally, I address some historiographic issues surrounding my assessment of Johann Blumenbach and the origins of racial science. 相似文献
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Terence D. Keel 《Zygon》2019,54(1):225-229
The view that science and religion are necessarily in conflict has increasingly lost favor among scholars who have sought more nuanced theoretical frameworks for evaluating the configurations of these two bodies of knowledge in modern life. This article situates, for the first time, the modern study of race into scholarly assessments on the relations between religion and science. I argue that the formation of the race concept in the minds of Western European and American scientists grew out of and remained indebted to Christian intellectual history. Religion was not subtracted from nor stood in conflict with constructions of race developed across the modern life and health sciences. 相似文献
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Hill J Emery RE Harden KP Mendle J Turkheimer E 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(1):81-94
Affiliation with substance using peers is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent alcohol use. This association is typically
interpreted causally: peers who drink incite their friends to drink. This association may be complicated by uncontrolled genetic
and environmental confounds because teens with familial predispositions for adolescent substance use may be more likely to
select into social networks where drinking is common. We test this alternative hypothesis using a sample of 1,820 twin and
sibling pairs, and their same-sex best friends, from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
Across all three waves, peer report of substance use did not influence adolescent alcohol use when genetic and shared environmental
predispositions for drinking were considered. The association between alcohol use and peer behavior may be a spurious association
attributable to a shared genetic liability to drink alcohol and associate with peers who drink alcohol. 相似文献
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子宫内膜异位症是妇科常见病、多发病之一,可引起痛经、慢性盆腔痛、性交痛和不孕等症状,严重影响育龄期妇女的身心健康和生活质量,日益受到人们的关注。以人为本,微创手术是当代医学的模式之一。本文从哲学的角度出发、以辩证的观点对腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床价值进行综述。 相似文献
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为探索注意控制能力个体差异的遗传来源, 当前研究主要关注儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-Methyltransferase, COMT)基因对参与注意控制加工的前额叶脑区的调控作用。为进一步回答COMT基因是否也对全脑范围的注意脑区具有调控作用, 本文对17篇遗传影像学研究进行元分析。结果发现, COMT基因Val/Val (vv)基因型的被试在注意控制任务下, 不仅前额叶脑区的激活水平高于Met/Met(mm)基因型的被试, 在前扣带回和后扣带回等前额叶之外的脑区激活水平也高于mm基因型的被试, 而且在这些脑区的效应值(vv>mm)都较大(Cohen’s d > 0.8)。由此, 元分析结果表明:COMT基因不仅调控前额叶脑区, 而且对形成注意控制网络的多个脑区都有调控效应。此结果提示注意控制能力的个体差异可能部分的来自于COMT基因对注意控制网络的调控作用。 相似文献
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