Computer‐assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach for children using cochlear implants or hearing aids

The present study examined computer‐assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children in Sweden using cochlear implants or hearing aids, or a combination of both. The study included 48 children, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. Sixteen children with normal hearing (NH) served as a reference group. The first purpose of the study was to compare NH and DHH children's reading ability at pre and post‐intervention. The second purpose was to investigate effects of the intervention. Cognitive and demographic factors were analyzed in relation to reading improvement. Results showed no statistically significant difference for reading ability at the group level, although NH children showed overall higher reading scores at both test points. Age comparisons revealed a statistically significant higher reading ability in the NH 7‐year‐olds compared to the DHH 7‐year‐olds. The intervention proved successful for word decoding accuracy, passage comprehension and as a reduction of nonword decoding errors in both NH and DHH children. Reading improvement was associated with complex working memory and phonological processing skills in NH children. Correspondent associations were observed with visual working memory and letter knowledge in the DHH children. Age was the only demographic factor that was significantly correlated with reading improvement. The results suggest that DHH children's beginning reading may be influenced by visual strategies that might explain the reading delay in the older children.     

肝素、低分子肝素诱导的重症血小板减少2例救治分析

探讨肝素/低分子肝素诱导的重症血小板减少救治经验与规律.对2例分别使用肝素、低分子肝素后出现重症血小板减少患者发病、临床特征、实验室检查等进行分析,进一步提高该类重症病的认识,总结救治经验:严密监测,早期发现,一旦出现重症血小板减少,及时停用肝素和/或低分子肝素,换用非肝素类抗凝药;立即激素(地塞米松30mg/d)冲击治疗2天,重症血小板减少(PLT≤3×109/L)并出血者酌情输注血小板.     

肝素、低分子肝素诱导的重症血小板减少2例救治分析

探讨肝素/低分子肝素诱导的重症血小板减少救治经验与规律.对2例分别使用肝素、低分子肝素后出现重症血小板减少患者发病、临床特征、实验室检查等进行分析,进一步提高该类重症病的认识,总结救治经验：严密监测,早期发现,一旦出现重症血小板减少,及时停用肝素和/或低分子肝素,换用非肝素类抗凝药;立即激素（地塞米松30mg/d）冲击治疗2天,重症血小板减少（PLT≤3×109/L）并出血者酌情输注血小板.     

Computer-based written emotional disclosure: the effects of advance or real-time guidance and moderation by Big 5 personality traits

Standard written emotional disclosure (WED) about stress, which is private and unguided, yields small health benefits. The effect of providing individualized guidance to writers may enhance WED, but has not been tested. This trial of computer-based WED compared two novel therapist-guided forms of WED – advance guidance (before sessions) and real-time guidance (during sessions, through instant messaging) – to both standard WED and control writing; it also tested Big 5 personality traits as moderators of guided WED. Young adult participants (n = 163) with unresolved stressful experiences were randomized to conditions, had three, 30-min computer-based writing sessions, and were reassessed six weeks later. Contrary to hypotheses, real-time guidance WED had poorer outcomes than the other conditions on several measures, and advance guidance WED also showed some poorer outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed that participants with low baseline agreeableness, low extraversion, or high conscientiousness had relatively poor responses to guidance. We conclude that providing guidance for WED, especially in real-time, may interfere with emotional processing of unresolved stress, particularly for people whose personalities have poor fit with this interactive form of WED.     

The emerging global brain 1

We are witnessing the rapid expansion of communications across the globe. Existing networks such as the postal system, telephone networks, airline ticket reservations, weather satellites, banking and stock market systems, etc., are rapidly being supplemented by the World Wide Net. The impact of this process will be two‐fold. First just as the printing press had a major impact on the collective intelligence of Europe, so will the world computer networks upgrade the collective intelligence of global society. Second, the properties of this constellation of systems, approach the anatomy of the human brain. The complexity of the global brain will result in properties, and an independence, which cannot be anticipated at this time.     

Function support as an information systems development paradigm

The function support paradigm of information systems development seeks to exploit the potential synergy that can be obtained by making the information processing system an integral part of organizational function. This requires for the information processing system to be embedded into the structure and dynamics underlying the function it supports. This is shown to be the case in natural systems, where the synergy is obtained through the compatibility of information processing with the structure and dynamics of the overall system.

Current approaches to the development of information systems do not consider, in a sufficiently explicit manner, the structure and dynamics of organizations as a determinant of their information processing requirements. As a consequence, the resulting information systems usually do not provide the required level of support. We argue that, to be effective, man‐made information systems must also be compatible with the organizational functions they support. The contribution of the information system to the adaptability of the organization as a whole is proposed as a broad but robust and effective measure of its effectiveness.     

Dynamic formation and destruction process of stacking fault tetrahedra in single-crystal Ni during nanoscale cryo-rolling

Stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) are known to form during the rolling process of face-centered cubic metals and to deteriorate their structural properties. However, the atomistic mechanism of formation and destruction of SFTs during such material processing is still unclear. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the nanoscale cryo-rolling process for single-crystal nickel and here report the mechanism behind the formation and collapse of SFTs. It is found that SFTs are formed through dissociation of Shockley partial dislocation loops in the specimen. On the other hand, destruction of SFTs occurs under compressive stress and follows an inverse Silcox-Hirsch mechanism.     

Reaction of a Ni-coated Al nanoparticle to form B2-NiAl: A molecular dynamics study

The kinetic reaction in a Ni-coated Al nanoparticle with equi-atomic fractions and diameter of approximately 4.5 nm is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulation, using a potential of the embedded atom type to model the interatomic interactions. First, the large driving force for the alloying of Ni and Al initiates solid state amorphization of the nanoparticle with the formation of Ni₅₀Al₅₀ amorphous alloy. Amorphization makes intermixing of the components much easier compared to the crystalline state. The average rate of penetration of Ni atoms can be estimated to be about two times higher than Al atoms, whilst the total rate of inter-penetration can be estimated to be of the order of 10^?2 m/s. The heat of the intermixing with the formation of Ni₅₀Al₅₀ amorphous alloy can be estimated at approximately ?0.34 eV/at. Next, the crystallization of the Ni₅₀Al₅₀ amorphous alloy into B2-NiAl ordered crystal structure is observed. The heat of the crystallization can be estimated as approximately ?0.08 eV/at. Then, the B2-NiAl ordered nanoparticle melts at a temperature of approximately 1500 K. It is shown that, for the alloying reaction in the initial Ni-coated Al nanoparticle, the ignition temperature can be as low as approximately 200 K, while the adiabatic temperature for the reaction is below the melting temperature of the nanoparticle with the B2-NiAl ordered structure.     

PC-Based Game Features That Influence Instruction and Learner Motivation

PC-based games are currently being used for military training, but the instructional and motivational features of such technology are not well understood. To identify features of training games that influence instruction and motivation, a popular first-person-perspective game with a military theme was analyzed empirically. Twenty-one participants played the “basic training” portion of the game, which included Army background information, virtual marksmanship training, an obstacle course, virtual weapons familiarization, and an urban terrain training mission. The results of this research provide useful information to individuals developing training games, desktop simulations, and interactive multimedia courseware to meet optimal training objectives and strategies.