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931.
计算机自动化项目生成概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,计算机自动化项目生成作为应对测验项目曝光问题的很具前景的一项技术,逐渐得到越来越多研究者的重视。这种技术是以认知心理学和心理测量学为基础,在测试过程中借助计算机自动生成目标难度水平的项目。该文首先简要介绍了这种技术的理论基础和两种具体方法,然后以项目设计系统法为例说明自动化项目生成研究的具体步骤与优点,最后评述了这种技术的局限性及未来的发展趋势 相似文献
932.
933.
A perceived event such as a visual stimulus in the external world and a to-be-produced event such as an intentional action
are subserved by event representations. Event representations do not only contain information about present states but also
about past and future states. Here we focus on the role of representing future states in event perception and generation (i.e.,
prospective coding). Relevant theoretical issues and paradigms are discussed. We suggest that the predictive power of the
motor system may be exploited for prospective coding not only in producing but also in perceiving events. Predicting is more
advantageous than simply reacting. Perceptual prediction allows us to select appropriate responses ahead of the realization
of an (anticipated) event and therefore, it is indispensable to flexibly and timely adapt to new situations and thus, successfully
interact with our physical and social environment. 相似文献
934.
项目组合在结构方程模型中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
项目组合(itemparceling)是对同一量表中的若干项目进行整合并形成新的观测指标的过程。虽然一直以来它都是一个有争议的议题,但随着其在结构方程模型中的应用日益广泛,它越来越受到研究者重视。文章从项目组合的基本逻辑、优缺点以及具体方法等方面对项目组合的研究进行了概括,并在此基础上提出了使用的具体建议:(1)根据研究的目的与具体情境选择是否需要组合;(2)组合之前必须首先确定概念的维度性;(3)项目组合最好建立在一定的理论基础上等等。未来的研究可以深入探讨各种组合方法对模型拟合以及参数估计的影响以及项目组合在一些SEM高阶应用中的效果,并进一步与项目反应理论等测量理论相结合 相似文献
935.
以501名参加过CET4的非英语专业大学生为研究对象,通过英语自我效能感问卷(ESEQ)、英语学习焦虑量表(ELAS)和英语学习策略量表(ELSI)的测量,探讨CET4成绩与其主要影响因素性别、英语自我效能感、英语学习焦虑和英语学习策略之间的结构关系模型。结果显示:(1)非英语专业大学生的英语学习焦虑存在显著的性别差异(女生低于男生);(2)性别除与英语学习策略不存在直接路径作用外,与CET4成绩、英语自我效能感、英语学习焦虑间均存在直接路径作用;(3)英语学习焦虑对CET4成绩既存在直接路径作用,又通过英语自我效能感、英语学习策略和英语自我效能感的中介产生问接路径作用;(4)英语学习策略仅通过英语自我效能感的中介对CET4成绩产生间接路径作用。研究还表明英语自我效能感在CET4成绩影响因素的结构模型中起着瓶颈作用。 相似文献
936.
937.
Nano-ethics as NEST-ethics: Patterns of Moral Argumentation About New and Emerging Science and Technology 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
There might not be a specific nano-ethics, but there definitely is an ethics of new & emerging science and technology (NEST),
with characteristic tropes and patterns of moral argumentation. Ethical discussion in and around nanoscience and technology
reflects such NEST-ethics. We offer an inventory of the arguments, and show patterns in their evolution, in arenas full of
proponents and opponents. We also show that there are some nano-specific issues: in how size matters, and when agency is delegated
to smart devices. Our overall approach is a pragmatist ethics, and we conclude that struggle (and learning) might be more
productive than models emphasizing consensus.
相似文献
Tsjalling SwierstraEmail: |
938.
Shuguang Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(1):70-83
This article argues that the problem of modernity concerns the circumstances of existence and human destiny in modern times.
To understand the nature of this problem and find the corresponding solution, we need to reinterpret the thought of Karl Marx
regarding the contradictions of human existence and its historical dimensions. Following Marx’s line of thinking, this article
reviews his critical sequence, creative transformation, and development of duality of thought on man and the world in Western
history, focusing on the following four issues: (1) how Marx, on the basis of man’s sensuous objective activities, observes
the duality of man and the world as well as the relationship between man’s internal and external activities; (2) how Marx
discloses the true connotation and real significance of man’s historical existence, history, and historicity; (3) how Marx
reveals the inherent contradictions of modern capitalist society and the destiny of modern man based on historic thought concerning
man’s existence; and (4) by praising Marx’s views on material production and the eternal significance of ancient Greek culture,
the article reveals another dimension of Marx’s thought, a dimension that tends to be ignored. This article holds that in
this era of globalization, it is extremely important and urgent to have an in-depth understanding of Marx’s historical thoughts
regarding human existence and of the feasibility of his theory. Moreover, it is imperative to further develop this understanding
to create a clearer picture of our own path of development and our outlook on humanity.
Translated by Cui Hui from Zhongguo Shehuikexue Wenzhai 中国社会科学文摘 (China Social Science Digest), 2005, (3): 44–46 相似文献
939.
Francesco Bartolucci 《Psychometrika》2007,72(2):141-157
We illustrate a class of multidimensional item response theory models in which the items are allowed to have different discriminating
power and the latent traits are represented through a vector having a discrete distribution. We also show how the hypothesis
of unidimensionality may be tested against a specific bidimensional alternative by using a likelihood ratio statistic between
two nested models in this class. For this aim, we also derive an asymptotically equivalent Wald test statistic which is faster
to compute. Moreover, we propose a hierarchical clustering algorithm which can be used, when the dimensionality of the latent
structure is completely unknown, for dividing items into groups referred to different latent traits. The approach is illustrated
through a simulation study and an application to a dataset collected within the National Assessment of Educational Progress,
1996.
The author would like to thank the Editor, an Associate Editor and three anonymous referees for stimulating comments. I also
thank L. Scaccia, F. Pennoni and M. Lupparelli for having done part of the simulations. 相似文献
940.
The ability of welfare-to-work clients to leave the welfare rolls and stay in the labor force is often limited by the work barriers they face. Using a sample of 1,404 female welfare-to-work clients we first examined the structure of work barriers and then tested their contribution to current work status in the context of a structural equation model that incorporated other central pathways to employment. Whereas work barriers included diverse factors ranging from lack of transportation to low quality jobs, they were shown to constitute a uni-dimensional construct. Furthermore, work barriers had a net adverse effect on employment outcomes, controlling for job search self-efficacy and employment intention. We conclude with discussion of implications for the development of welfare-to-work programs and interventions that target low-income women. 相似文献