汉字内隐记忆的实验研究(Ⅲ):检验加工分离说的修正模型

实验1和实验2依据目标字和非目标字两种条件,比较了再认、整字偏好、包含、排除四类测验。在“过程不纯净”假设的前提下．检验了加工分离说（PDP）的修正模型并得到以下结果：（1）PDP修正馍型的结论与匹配比较法的结果吻合。本实验条件下,偏好测验是“纯净”的．但无意识影响参与了再认测验。（2）PDP修正模型关于R＞R。的理论结果得到了目标字与非目标字两种条件下的实验的证实。另外．关于无意识影响遵循的规律与指导语无关的理论推测也得到了证实。（3）再认与偏好测验出现了功能分离。PDP修正模型可以解释其本质。（4）750ms呈现刺激时,反应倾向的规津是：外显过程比内隐过程严格;两过程均不受注意程度的作用而发生波动。     

部件启动对合体汉字字形识别的影响

本实验探索了部件启动对左右型合体汉字字形识别的影响,得到以下结果：（1）启动部件与目标字中左部件同形或相似（少一笔划或多一笔划）,会促进对目标字的字形识另询工,表现出正向启动效应;相反,异形部件对目标字加工有干扰作用,表现为负向启动效应;（2）各种启动刺激类型所产生的启动量随启动刺激呈现时间增长而变化。通过对各种实验条件下,启动量的分析,笔者认为：本实验为汉字相互作用激活模型提供了新的证据。     

中文阅读中的字词激活模式:来自提示词边界延时效应的证据

研究采用眼动随动显示技术,通过操控提示正确/错误词边界线索的延迟时间,考察汉语阅读中汉字、词汇加工与词切分的时间特性。实验1发现,提示词n+1边界不影响总阅读时间,但能积极影响词兴趣区内的眼动数据,这种影响随着提示延迟时间的增加而逐步减弱;提示错误的词n+1的边界线索对总阅读时间的影响则随提示延迟时间的增加呈现倒"U"型的变化趋势。实验2发现,提示词n边界不影响总阅读时间,但却消极影响词兴趣区内的眼动数据,这种消极影响并没有随着提示延迟时间的增加而减弱;提示错误的词n边界对总阅读时间和眼动数据均产生消极的影响,且这种影响都随着提示延迟时间的增加而减弱。综合两项实验的结果可以推测,单一的向上反馈假设和整体假设都不能全面解释阅读中的字词加工过程,汉字加工与词汇加工间存在交互激活过程。     

FAITH,BELIEF, AND THE COMPATIBILITY OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE

Recent attacks on the compatibility of science and religion by the “militant modern atheists” (Jerry Coyne, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens) have posed serious challenges for anyone who supports the human importance of religious faith (particularly their identification of “faith” with “believing without evidence”). This article offers a critical analysis of their claims compared with those who do not equate faith with belief. I conclude that (i) the militant modern atheist interpretation of faith undervalues transformative religious experiences, (ii) that more people of faith hold it for this reason than their opponents acknowledge, and (iii) that meaningful dialogue between religion and science is both possible and desirable.     

大学生网络成瘾者人格特征和心理健康水平的研究

研究影响大学生网络成瘾的人格特征和心理健康因素,选取网络成瘾的24名大学生进行16PF、SCL-90的问卷调查,并和对照组比较.结果发现在人格特征上,成瘾组在乐群性、稳定性、怀疑性和独立性有别于对照组;在心理健康水平上,成瘾组在抑郁和敌对等项目得分要高于对照组.成瘾组心理健康水平低于对照组,具有不良的人格特征.     

中西医结合临床思路浅谈——论辨证与辨病的关系

辨证与辨病是两种不同的思维方式,西医辨病又辨证,中医辨证又辨病,辨病与辨证是中医与西医都遵循的诊治过程,在临床中辩证运用中医与西医有利于中西医结合临床思路的建立     

明式家具和现代家具审美偏好的眼动研究

本研究采用EyelinkⅡ眼动仪对不同类型家具的审美偏好进行考察,共有36名不同年龄被试参与实验。结果发现:(1)不同类型家具的总注视时间、总注视次数和平均注视次数均存在显著差异,明式家具显著多于现代家具;(2)不同家具类型兴趣区的总注视次数存在显著差异,明式家具显著多于现代家具;(3)不同年龄被试的总注视时间、总注视次数和平均注视次数不存在显著差异,即年龄因素对被试的审美偏好没有影响。     

Chinese characters elicit face-like N170 inversion effects

Recognition of both faces and Chinese characters is commonly believed to rely on configural information. While faces typically exhibit behavioral and N170 inversion effects that differ from non-face stimuli (Rossion, Joyce, Cottrell, & Tarr, 2003), the current study examined whether a similar reliance on configural processing may result in similar inversion effects for faces and Chinese characters. Participants were engaged in an orientation judgment task (Experiment 1) and a one-back identity matching task (Experiment 2). Across two experiments, the N170 was delayed and enhanced in magnitude for upside-down faces and compound Chinese characters, compared to upright stimuli. The inversion effects for these two stimulus categories were bilateral for latency and right-lateralized for amplitudes. For simple Chinese characters, only the latency inversion effects were significant. Moreover, the size of the right-hemisphere inversion effects in N170 amplitude was larger for faces than Chinese characters. These findings show the N170 inversion effects from non-face stimuli closely parallel effects seen with faces. Face-like N170 inversion effects elicited by Chinese compound characters were attributed to the difficulty of part-whole integration as well as the disrupted regularity in relational information due to inversion. Hemispheric difference in Chinese character processing is also discussed.     

Student Therapists Grapple with Modern and Postmodern Ideas: One Program’s Approach to Training

Postmodern ideas have significantly challenged and expanded the marriage and family therapy field. Students in many training programs must grapple with models and training experiences influenced by both postmodern and modern orientations. The authors describe a particular programs training process and focus on the ways past students reflect on their professional development guided by the postmodernist-based perspective of Narrative Therapy and the modernist-based perspective of Bowen Family Systems Theory, two of the models emphasized by this program. The authors propose that these divergent philosophical orientations can interact together to support meaningful development in trainees experiences.