浅析医患纠纷的解决机制

目前,我国未有一条有效的途径来缓和医患矛盾。诉讼、仲裁和调解是较为常见的几种纠纷解决机制。如果能建立起配套的法律法规和相应的组织机构,充分发挥诉讼、仲裁和调解各自的优势,应该可以有效解决目前的医患纠纷。因此,我国目前必须加大对该问题的研究力度,加快立法进程,在实践中努力寻找最有效的解决办法,尽快建立我国医患纠纷的解决机制。     

Research Ethics in Japanese Higher Education: Faculty Attitudes and Cultural Mediation

Principles of research ethics, derived largely from Western philosophical thought, are spreading across the world of higher education. Since 2006 the Japanese Ministry of Education has required universities in Japan to establish codes of ethical conduct and ensure that procedures are in place to punish research misconduct. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 13 academics in a research-intensive university in Japan, this paper considers how research ethics is interpreted in relation to their own practice. Interviewees articulated a range of ethical issues connected with data gathering and interpretation, applying for and using research funds, relationships with peers and research subjects, and the dissemination of results. The paper also explores the effect of personal values and cultural norms on the Japanese interpretation of research ethics identifying the impact in terms of the treatment of graduate research students and decision-making processes.     

多水平随机中介效应估计及其比较

本文在综述各类多水平中介模型的基础上, 聚焦于自变量、中介变量、因变量都来自多水平结构中较低水平的多水平随机中介效应模型, 通过蒙特卡洛模拟研究比较该模型与简化的多水平固定中介效应模型、传统中介效应模型的差别, 并考察了目前用于多水平随机中介效应的三种参数估计方法：限制性极大似然、极大似然、最小方差二次无偏估计在不同情况下对随机中介效应估计的优劣。研究结果显示：当数据符合多水平随机中介效应模型时, 使用简化模型将错误估计中介效应及其标准误, 得到不正确的统计检验结果; 使用多水平随机中介效应模型能够实现对中介效应的正确估计和检验, 其中限制性极大似然或极大似然估计方法优于最小方差二次无偏估计方法。     

Current Directions in Mediation Analysis

ABSTRACT— Mediating variables continue to play an important role in psychological theory and research. A mediating variable transmits the effect of an antecedent variable on to a dependent variable, thereby providing more detailed understanding of relations among variables. Methods to assess mediation have been an active area of research for the last two decades. This paper describes the current state of methods to investigate mediating variables.     

恐惧的代价：疼痛恐惧、心理忧虑和躯体化对疼痛感知预测作用的比较

首次在无痛群体中比较疼痛恐惧、心理忧虑和躯体化对疼痛感知的预测作用大小及调节和中介关系。以多个同类量表得分的Z分数加和作为三者的因子分,以冷压痛觉测验（CPT）疼痛指标（阈限、耐受性、强度、不愉快度）为目标变量,通过分层回归及调节和中介作用分析,发现疼痛恐惧对疼痛不愉快度的预测作用最强,心理忧虑对疼痛体验（强度、不愉快度）的预测作用被疼痛恐惧完全中介,躯体化只有在高疼痛恐惧条件下才显著负向预测疼痛不愉快度。综上,疼痛恐惧是三因素中预测CPT疼痛体验的主要因素。     

自我提升幽默与生活满意度的关系：情绪幸福和社会支持的链式中介模型

基于幽默的释放理论、积极情绪的扩建功能理论和集体文化下生活满意度的预测指标提出自我提升幽默通过情绪幸福和社会支持两个链式中介变量提升生活满意度的假设模型。采用幽默风格问卷中的自我提升幽默维度、主观幸福感量表中的积极情绪和消极情绪维度、多维领悟社会支持量表和生活满意度量表对884名大学生进行调查。构建结构方程模型,联合显著性检验和Bootstrap检验表明了多重中介效应显著,总中介效果量为63.6%,其中通过情绪幸福这一中介路径的中介效果量最大,达47.3%。未来研究可探讨在个体主义文化背景下的不同链式中介效应。     

Social Conceptions of Moral Agency in Hegel and Sellars

This essay contributes to our understanding of the relation between the philosophies of Hegel and Sellars. While most treatments of this relation have focused on metaphysics or epistemology, I focus on ethics, and in particular on the formulation of moral agency. I argue that Hegel and Sellars arrive at a similar metaphilosophical rejection of individual moral agency in favor of conceptions of moral agency as the outcome of social mediation. To demonstrate this, I trace how Hegel and Sellars offer parallel resolutions of the ‘Kantian paradox’: the apparent problem that, in Kantian ethics, moral agents must both freely self-legislate the moral law unto themselves and stand in a dutiful relation to the moral law as a necessary function of practical reason. Drawing Hegel and Sellars together in this way casts new light on Sellars’s understudied ethical theory and further evidences the contemporary relevance of Hegel’s moral philosophy.     

类别变量的中介效应分析

在心理学和其他社科研究领域,研究者能熟练地进行连续变量的中介效应分析,但面对自变量、中介变量或(和)因变量为类别变量的中介效应分析,研究者往往束手无策。在阐述类别自变量中介分析方法的基础上,我们建议使用整体和相对中介相结合的类别自变量中介分析方法,并给出了分析流程。以二分因变量为例,讨论了中介变量或(和)因变量为类别变量的中介分析方法的发展过程(即尺度统一的过程),建议通过检验Za×Zb的显著性来判断中介效应的显著性。用二个实际例子演示如何进行类别变量的中介效应分析。最后展望了类别变量的中介效应分析研究的拓展方向。     

Trust in Supervisor and Job Engagement: Mediating Effects of Psychological Safety and Felt Obligation

In the social context of job engagement, the role of trust in supervisor in predicting engagement of employees has received attention in research. Very limited research, however, has investigated the mechanisms mediating this dynamic relationship. To address this important gap in knowledge, the aim of this study was to examine psychological safety and felt obligation as two psychological mechanisms mediating the effect of trust in supervisor on job engagement. Drawing from job engagement and social exchange theories, the mediating roles of psychological safety and felt obligation in the trust-engagement relationship were empirically investigated in the Malaysian context. Using self-report questionnaires, data were collected from 337 nurses employed in a public hospital located near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results fully supported the proposed serial multiple mediator model. Trust in supervisor was indirectly related to job engagement via psychological safety followed by felt obligation. This study provides empirical evidence that trust in supervisor makes employees feel psychologically safe to employ and express their selves in their job roles. This satisfaction of the psychological safety need is interpreted by employees as an important socioemotional benefit that, in turn, makes them feel obligated to pay back to their organization through their enhanced level of job engagement. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.     

日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为的长期影响:一个有调节的中介模型

以850名大学生为被试,探讨日常环境中的暴力暴露与攻击行为的关系,并在此基础上提出一个有调节的中介模型,考察攻击性信念的中介作用和人际信任的调节作用。结果发现:(1)日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为有显著的正向预测作用;(2)攻击性信念在日常环境中的暴力暴露与攻击行为的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)攻击性信念的中介作用会受到人际信任的调节。对于低人际信任个体,攻击性信念起部分中介作用;对于高人际信任个体,攻击性信念的中介效应不显著,日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为只有直接作用。