后腹腔镜肾盂输尿管切开取石术34例临床体会

探讨后腹腔镜下肾孟、输尿管切开取石的技术要点和临床应用价值。回顾性分析34例后腹腔镜肾盂、输尿管切开取石术的临床质料。男22例,女12例,肾盂结石10例,输尿管结石24例。结果34例成功完成腹腔镜取石术,手术时间40min～90min,平均58min,术中出血10ml～30ml,术后1例漏尿3d,术后3d～5d拔除后腹...     

The oceanic state: a conceptual elucidation in terms of modal contact

Despite its lengthy history in psychoanalysis, the psychological origins, essential features and value of the oceanic state remain open to dispute. This ambiguity has come at a cost to the clarity of theoretical discussions on the topic. In working towards a conceptual elucidation, the author maintains that there are three primary accounts of the oceanic state: the metaphysical one of Romain Rolland, the developmental one of Sigmund Freud, and the cognitive-perceptual one of Anton Ehrenzweig. Based on the notion of modal contact, he argues that the accounts share a general theoretical structure that establishes as the necessary criterion for all oceanic states the loosening of ego boundaries and sufficient contact between differentiated and undifferentiated modalities of the mind. However, within this common structure, the accounts employ dissimilar metapsychologies to promulgate oceanic states of appreciably distinct kinds. To support this view, the author carries out a comparative examination of the modal contacts involved in the primary accounts' oceanic states. To conclude, he reviews the main implications of the notion of modal contact vis-à-vis recent discussion on oceanic phenomena, and puts forward for consideration a pluralist account of the mind that can accommodate the existence of several kinds of oceanic states.     

Comparison of Return-on-Effort and Conventional Expectancy Theory Predictions of Work Effort and Job Performance: Results from Three Field Studies

It was predicted that a return-on-effort version of expectancy theory, an approach that examines the incremental benefits associated with increased effort, would yield superior predictions of work effort and job performance, in comparison with the conventional approach. Data were collected from the following three work settings: a manufacturing concern, a supermarket, and a bank. Unlike prior research that has uniformly found superior predictions using the return-on-effort model (and that has uniformly examined student samples), the present research found only modest support. Three possible boundary conditions were discussed—format effects, reward system responsiveness, and ability differences. The latter two, examined empirically via supplementary analyses, provided increased support for the return-on-effort model.     

All Normal Extensions of S5-squared Are Finitely Axiomatizable

We prove that every normal extension of the bi-modal system S5² is finitely axiomatizable and that every proper normal extension has NP-complete satisfiability problem.Presented by Heinrich Wansing     

Free Modal Lattices via Priestley Duality

A Priestley duality is developed for the variety j of all modal lattices. This is achieved by restricting to j a known Priestley duality for the variety of all bounded distributive lattices with a meet-homomorphism. The variety j was first studied by R. Beazer in 1986.The dual spaces of free modal lattices are constructed, paralleling P.R. Halmos' construction of the dual spaces of free monadic Boolean algebras and its generalization, by R. Cignoli, to distributive lattices with a quantifier.     

An Exactification of the Monoid of Primitive Recursive Functions

We study the monoid of primitive recursive functions and investigate a onestep construction of a kind of exact completion, which resembles that of the familiar category of modest sets, except that the partial equivalence relations which serve as objects are recursively enumerable. As usual, these constructions involve the splitting of symmetric idempotents.