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181.
Predicting the Early Developmental Course of Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were examined to test whether: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms remain stable from 54 months through early elementary school; behavioral inhibition and attention deficits assessed at 54 months predict ADHD symptoms in elementary school, even after controlling for their temporal stability; and early behavioral inhibition and attention deficits moderate the longitudinal stability in ADHD symptoms. Data were examined using continuous and categorical measures of symptoms. Modest stability in ADHD symptoms from 54 months to third grade was found. Measures of inhibition and inattention predicted later teacher ratings uniquely, but no evidence was found for moderation. Measures of preschool behavioral inhibition also predicted “persistently at risk status” defined by elevated teacher ratings over time. Results are discussed in terms of executive and motivational facets of inhibition that may be related to early signs of ADHD. 相似文献
182.
Nicola Hoggard Creegan 《Zygon》2007,42(2):499-518
Recent controversies surrounding the discernment of design in the natural world are an indication of a pervasive disquiet among believers. Can God as creator/sustainer of creation be reconcilable with the belief that God's work is indiscernible behind secondary evolutionary causes? Christian piety requires that the order experienced in the natural world be evidence of God's love and existence. Theistic evolutionary models rarely examine this matter, assuming that God is indiscernible in the processes and order of the world because only secondary causes can be examined. This leaves antievolutionary perspectives to interpret and address the problem of seeing God in the world. I examine these issues in order to gain more credibility for the religious longing to discern God in nature while at the same time affirming the indubitable truth of an evolutionary history. I argue that God's trinitarian nature, hiddenness, and incarnation give us reason to believe that God's presence in the natural world will be discernible, but only within the natural processes, and thereby only in an obscured fashion. I also argue that newer understandings of evolutionary mechanisms are more consistent with theological appropriation than are strictly Darwinian ones. 相似文献
183.
Lisa Nugent Sean Donahue Mia Berberat Yee Chan Justin Gier Ilpo Koskinen Tuuli Mattelmäki 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,20(4):269-279
In this paper, we describe a design study on how families in Los Angeles experience nature, with a particular focus on how
using alternative formats for research analysis and presentation can enrich a design research inquiry. Conducted in Pasadena,
CA as a part of Super Studio, the year-long design research class emphasized knowledge building and sharing through design
methods of analysis, exhibition, and concept prototypes. After conducting interviews and engaging participants with probes,
the class built the results into an open-ended knowledge environment. The main observation from the exhibition – that Angelenos
have a limited vocabulary for describing nature and their interaction with it – helped to define the opportunity for design
intervention that created connection points between Angelenos and nature. There are few attempts to describe how probe returns
evolve into design concepts. Showcased is a process that depends on the unique affordances of design as the vehicle for discovery
and invention. 相似文献
184.
Almost all admit that there is beauty in the natural world. Many suspect that such beauty is more than an adornment of nature. Few in our contemporary world suggest that this beauty is an empirical principle of the natural world itself and instead relegate beauty to the eye and mind of the beholder. Guided by theological and scientific insight, the authors propose that such exclusion is no longer tenable, at least in the data of modern biology and in our view of the natural world in general. More important, we believe an empirical aesthetics exists that can help guide experimental design and development of computational models in biology. Moreover, because theology and science can both contribute toward and equally profit from such an aesthetics, we propose that this empirical aesthetics provides the foundation for a living synergy between theology and science. 相似文献
185.
Carmelo Ardito Paolo Buono Maria Francesca Costabile Rosa Lanzilotti Antonio Piccinno 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):79-86
Interaction design of mobile systems is a complex activity because it requires considering new usability and user experience
aspects in order to exploit the peculiar characteristics of mobile devices, such as their pervasive and ubiquitous nature.
This paper discusses issues about designing, developing and evaluating mobile systems. Italy has a rich cultural heritage,
and the focus in this study is on the design of systems that enable interactive exploration of historical sites, not only
for enhancing the user experience but also for learning purposes. The experience of the researchers at the Interaction, Visualisation
and Usability lab, University of Bari, Italy, in designing a mobile learning system, called Explore!, which supports young
students learning ancient history during a visit to archaeological parks, is reported. The evaluation of Explore! through
systematic field studies shows that the adopted approach is able to transform the visit to archaeological parks into a more
complete and culturally rich experience. 相似文献
186.
187.
The epistemic implications of engineering rhetoric 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Louis L. Bucciarelli 《Synthese》2009,168(3):333-356
The texts (and talk) of engineers take different forms. In this essay, I present and critique several texts written for different purposes and audiences but all intended to convey to the reader the technical details of whatever they are about—whether a textbook passage describing the fundamental behavior of an electrical component, a journal article about a mathematical technique intended for use in design optimization, a memo to co-workers within a firm about a heat transfer analysis of a remotely sited building, or a general introduction to the field of? ergonomics? My aim is to explore how the ways in which engineers describe and document their problems and projects frame what they accept, display and profess as useful knowledge. In this I am particularly interested in how engineers envision the ‘users’ of, or participants in, their productions. Like science, engineering texts are written as if they were timeless and untainted by socio-cultural features. However, a technical treatise is not devoid of metaphor or creative rendering of events; there is always a narrative within which worldly data and instrumental logic is embedded—but it is a story in which the passive voice prevails, history is irrelevant, and the human actor or agent is painted in quantitative parameters fitting the occasion. Whether this rhetoric can be sustained in the face of challenges to traditional ways of doing engineering is an open question. 相似文献
188.
计算机自动化项目生成概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,计算机自动化项目生成作为应对测验项目曝光问题的很具前景的一项技术,逐渐得到越来越多研究者的重视。这种技术是以认知心理学和心理测量学为基础,在测试过程中借助计算机自动生成目标难度水平的项目。该文首先简要介绍了这种技术的理论基础和两种具体方法,然后以项目设计系统法为例说明自动化项目生成研究的具体步骤与优点,最后评述了这种技术的局限性及未来的发展趋势 相似文献
189.
In this paper we introduce a latent variable model (LVM) for mixed ordinal and continuous responses, where covariate effects
on the continuous latent variables are modelled through a flexible semiparametric Gaussian regression model. We extend existing
LVMs with the usual linear covariate effects by including nonparametric components for nonlinear effects of continuous covariates
and interactions with other covariates as well as spatial effects. Full Bayesian modelling is based on penalized spline and
Markov random field priors and is performed by computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We apply
our approach to a German social science survey which motivated our methodological development.
We thank the editor and the referees for their constructive and helpful comments, leading to substantial improvements of a
first version, and Sven Steinert for computational assistance. Partial financial support from the SFB 386 “Statistical Analysis
of Discrete Structures” is also acknowledged. 相似文献
190.
Few genetically-informative studies have attempted to explicitly identify the shared environmental (i.e., those environmental influences that contribute to sibling similarity) factors now known to contribute to adolescent delinquency. The current study therefore examined whether the parent-child relationship served as one source of these shared environmental influences. Participants were 610 adoptive and biological families from the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS). Parents and adolescents reported on their parent-child conflict and parental involvement with child, and adolescents reported on their own delinquent behaviors. We employed structural equation modeling and supplementary multilevel modeling, finding consistent evidence that the association between delinquency and the parent-child relationship is at least partially shared environmental in origin. Such findings provide an important extension of previous twin studies, as they suggest that passive genotype-environment correlations do not explain earlier findings of shared environmental influences on this association. 相似文献