华人人际关系的概念化--针对中国香港地区大学生的实证研究

以杨中芳所构建的华人人际关系概念化理论模型为蓝本,并采用以往的实证研究方法为基础,揭示了当代华人对人际关系如何进行概念化及其潜在的认知维度。杨氏模型认为华人人际关系主要由既定成分、情感成分和工具成分组成。该研究以中国香港地区的大学生为被试进行调查,首先采用访谈的形式,分家族、学校及日常生活情境建立人际关系清单。然后采用多维量法(Multi-dimensional scaling)处理被试对关系进行分类的数据。结果发现,在不同的生活情境中,被试均依据情感程度对关系进行分类。在等级差异明显的家族和学校情境中,被试依据辈份和等级差异的突显性进行分类;而在等级差异小的生活情境中,则采用功利程度为标准。本文对被试在不同情境中所采用的不同维度进行了讨论,并提出华人人际关系的义务具有工具性质的实证结果。     

循证医学在眼科临床实践中的应用

循证医学是在Internet蓬勃发展并极大推动社会信息化和网络化的大背景下,将临床流行病学、现代信息学与临床医学相互交叉融合的新兴边缘学科。它的出现使临床医学面临巨大的挑战,已使得行医模式由理论知识加以个人经验为指导的传统经验医学转向现代循证医学。这将是传统医学模式向循证医学模式转变的一场深刻变革,也是本世纪临床医学发展的必然趋势。     

医院数字化管理在临床决策中的作用

医院数字化建设是管理行为中的重要手段,借助这一工具,医疗决策的制定和执行将更加科学和规范,但同时医院数字化管理在法律和具体操作上对临床决策的管理还有一定的影响。讨论医院数字化在医疗决策中的合法性、安全性及对临床决策基本原则的作用。     

中西早期的“适度”思想及适用范围的扩展——从人间伦理到生态伦理

此文从中西“中道”和“中庸”的翻译和理解入手,进而讨论和比较了中西“中道”和“适度”思想的一些相近内涵和意义层面,主张把主要是作为人间伦理的“适度”观念引用到生态伦理之中,以建立人与自然的和谐关系。     

语义距离半球效应的ERP研究

以通过视觉通路呈现的汉语双字词为实验材料,操纵启动词与目标词的语义距离。在词汇决定实验中记录ERP,发现：（1）除N300外,P240亦对语义距离敏感,它可能是一种与语义加工有关的新的ERP成分;（2）P240在头皮中央偏左的部位较早出现,但在头皮右侧波幅较大;（3）N300和P240都不存在语义距离的半球效应,该结果没有证实右脑更专擅远距离语义加工的假设,表明使用汉语与使用拼音文字的脑机制存在差异。     

The practice research network: Research into practice,practice into research

The purpose of the broader project on which this report is based was to utilize a Practice Research Network, an alternative to traditional clinical studies to 1) identify demographically one practice group, namely professional counselors in the United States, 2) describe their practice patterns, and 3) identify their client population and the efficacy of their clinical work through client outcomes based on actual client reports. This article describes the development of one such nation‐wide Practice Research Network (PRN) and provides some preliminary findings for each phase of the project. Use of the PRN model can help overcome the traditional “research to practice” gap and provide research results into community practice thus integrating outcomes measures into the daily practice of mental health professionals. During the early phases of this project, a software program was developed upon which the participating practitioners could identify the data elements within the parameters of the focus on their agreed‐upon research interests, enter data following client visits over time, and by comparing their own composite profiles and effectiveness with those of other participating practitioners who had clients presenting with similar diagnoses, could alter their own service delivery patterns, therapeutic interventions, or approaches while working with the clients and thereby improve the efficacy of their service. By participating, the practitioners benefited by access to downloadable and printable reports on profiles of 1) their specific clients, 2) their service delivery patterns, and 3) the outcomes or efficacy by their clients’ direct feedback. They were also able to compare these results with the composite data from other practitioners.     

Autochthony through self-organization: Interactivism and emergence in a virtual environment

In this paper we take an interactivist perspective on the computer-mediated classroom, and explore the autopoietic teaching approach in the context of emergence of diversity in the classroom. The POPSICLE (Patterns in Orientation: Pattern-Aided Simulated Interaction Context-Learning Experiment) is presented and discussed, as well as its multiple consequences. POPSICLE is a study of learning in human subjects, as well as of interaction and transfer of knowledge between subjects in a collaborative environment.     

What is Classical and Non-Classical Knowledge?

Mamardašvili’s ‘classical’ paradigm of knowledge is seen to be minimally based on extrapolations from Descartes’ classical philosophy to which Mamardašvili attributes features that rather anticipate his own post-classical ontology. The latter is oriented towards the primacy of perception as a subjective process, in which the self-conscious subject constructs the world, not as illusion, but as a ‘picture’ or ‘model’ (Wittgenstein’s Bild). By examining Mamardašvili’s definition of the ‘phenomenon’ against the␣background of Husserl’s ‘reduction’, Wittgenstein’s ‘object’ and the Freudian and post-structuralist psychoanalytic model of subjectivity, the paper arrives at the inference that Mamardašvili is essentially a post-Structuralist thinker who appropriates concepts from various critical and philosophical disciplines to construct his own multi-disciplinary theory of consciousness and perception.     

Do Strong Group Identities Fuel Intolerance? Evidence From the South African Case

One conventional explanation of intergroup conflict is Social Identity Theory. That theory asserts that strong ingroup sympathies can give rise to outgroup antipathies which in turn fuel intolerance and conflict. While embraced by both macro- and microlevel analysts, this theory actually has not been widely investigated outside a laboratory environment. In this article, I test hypotheses linking group identities with intolerance, based on a 2001 survey in South Africa, a country where group identities have long been politicized. My empirical findings indicate that group identities are not useful predictors of South African intolerance. Indeed, for neither the black majority nor the white minority do ingroup identities activate very much outgroup intolerance. Moreover, group identities are positively, not negatively, correlated with holding a South African national identity. These findings, based on unusually broad indicators of both identity and tolerance, suggest that the causes of group conflict lie elsewhere than in group attachments.     

“比较治疗学”的原理与方法浅析

重点论述比较治疗学的发展背景和历史、基本概念、治疗方法、以及比较治疗学的发展基础和其对临床医学所带来的影响等。比较治疗学的产生和发展对传统医学以及临床医生来说都是一个严峻的挑战,如果临床医生能熟练地掌握和综合地运用比较治疗学的决策方法去解决临床医学的问题,将会大大提高临床诊疗工作的科学性和合理性。