Predicting People’s Intention to Donate Their Body to Medical Science and Research

Predictors of people’s intention to register with a body bequest program for donating their deceased body to medical science and research were examined using standard theory of planned behavior (TPB) predictors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) and adding moral norm, altruism, and knowledge. Australian students (N = 221) at a university with a recently established body bequest program completed measures of the TPB’s underlying beliefs (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs) and standard and extended TPB predictors, with a sub-sample reporting their registration-related behavior 2 months later. The standard TPB accounted for 43.6%, and the extended predictors an additional 15.1% of variance in intention. The significant predictors were attitude, subjective norm, and moral norm, partially supporting an extended TPB in understanding people’s body donation intentions. Further, important underlying beliefs can inform strategies to target prospective donors.     

Towards a model for evaluating spiritual recollections

Spiritual recollections are often evaluated through the effectiveness of delivery, rather than the outcomes of the recollections. Such preference is understandable given the difficulty in defining and quantifying recollection outcomes. To address this gap, the article proposes a framework for evaluating recollection outcomes rather than delivery, and shows how a Filipino Catholic university makes use of this framework for its spiritual recollections. Using data from the university’s Office of Campus Ministry, the study shows how these outcomes were defined and finds that prayer significantly increases the odds of gaining from the recollection while participation in the alternative multifaith group reduces these odds. The article details the changes that were made in response to these results and ends with possible adaptation of this model in other contexts.     

Acceptability of Time Out from Reinforcement Procedures for Disruptive Child Behavior:

Forty-eight teachers and forty-eight parents evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of five behavioral procedures for reducing disruptive behavior in children. The results showed that teachers evaluated the procedures as being more effective and acceptable than did the parents. The treatment procedures rated as most effective and acceptable were reinforcement and isolation and contractual agreement. In additon, the procedures were rated as being more effective and acceptable for 5-year-olds than for 10-year-olds. The results of this study are compared to similiar studies reported by Kazdin.     

A Sensory Integrative Approach to the Psychotic Child

Current knowledge provides ample evidence of widespread neurological and developmental impairments underlying the behavior of psychotic youngsters. Occupational Therapy can now assess, treat, and make "sense" of the psychotic child's disturbed systems. A case study of a severely disturbed, self-abusing, childhood schizophrenic patient is presented. The treatment process and behavioral changes are discussed and augmented with statistical analysis.     

The Effect of an Occupational Therapy Role-Playing Intervention on the Social Skills of Adolescents With Asperger's Syndrome: A Pilot Study

The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational therapy role-playing intervention for adolescents with Asperger's syndrome. An ABA multiple baseline single-subject design across participants was used with three adolescents to determine if a six-week intervention could increase targeted social behaviors. Data were collected over baseline, intervention, and probe phases. Three methods of analysis were used: visual inspection of graphed data, paired t tests, and a three standard deviation-band approach. Findings demonstrated that all three participants were able to increase the frequency of targeted social skill use from baseline to intervention and maintain this level at a one month probe. Differences between baseline and intervention phases for each participant reached statistical significance. Through this study the authors offer preliminary evidence that an occupational therapy role-playing intervention that is both client centered and graded can increase targeted social skill use in three adolescents with Asperger's syndrome.     

Determinants and Barriers to Participation in an Internet Based Recovery Program for Cardiac Patients

Patients hospitalized for coronary heart disease were offered a home recovery program utilizing the Internet. About one-half of the patients interviewed chose to enlist in this program. Participants and non-participants did not differ significantly according to medical risk and diagnostic factors, lifestyle and some demographic variables (principally marital status, sex, and race). However, those who owned personal computers and/or were familiar with the Internet, who were in higher socioeconomic strata, and were younger than age 65 were strongly more likely to participate. Internet instruction and computers (for those who had none) were provided to participants. Those who were lent computers—29% of the program participants—were more often female, without any college training, and less confident about using the Internet. As the public becomes increasingly more familiar with personal computer technology these potential barriers to its use may eventually disappear. The present study evaluated a fairly resolute method to introduce an Internet program to many recovering patients who were unfamiliar with this technology. However, other innovative and perhaps more aggressive ways of making those most in need of such valuable health-related information and resources can be tested in the near future.     

Program Extraction from Normalization Proofs

This paper describes formalizations of Tait's normalization proof for the simply typed λ-calculus in the proof assistants Minlog, Coq and Isabelle/HOL. From the formal proofs programs are machine-extracted that implement variants of the well-known normalization-by-evaluation algorithm. The case study is used to test and compare the program extraction machineries of the three proof assistants in a non-trivial setting.     

癌症疼痛治疗中麻醉药品的应用现状及对策

麻醉药品在癌症疼痛治疗中发挥着日益重要的作用,包括我国在内的大多数发展中国家在应用麻醉药品控制癌症疼痛方面存在很多不足,与西方发达国家相比有一定差距。为早日实现“让中国癌症患者不痛”的目标,广大医务工作者应积极更新观念,掌握癌症疼痛的治疗原则与方法;积极倡导改善癌痛治疗不足的现状。同时加大宣传力度,取得患者家属和相关部门的理解、支持,努力保障癌痛病人获得止痛治疗的权利。     

创造力投资理论在教学计划修ys中的应用与思考

创造力投资理论把影响个体创造力的因素归为五个内部系统和一个外部系统的相互作用。它提示护理教育者为培养护理创新人才,在充分利用大学和社会优质资源的前提下,应制定有利于开发学生自主的学习能力、可持续发展的知识结构、多元化的思维方式、健康积极的个性品质和职业成就动机等个体创新资源的教学计划与实施方案。     

Improving mother–child interaction in low‐income Turkish–Dutch families: A study of mechanisms mediating improvements resulting from participating in a home‐based preschool intervention program

This study examined whether the effects on cognitive and language outcomes of a recently developed home‐based educational intervention program, Opstap Opnieuw, for 4–6‐years‐old disadvantaged children could be explained by improved mother–child interaction. The present sample (n=30) was drawn from a larger sample of Turkish–Dutch families (n=181) for which in a previous study significant effects of Opstap Opnieuw were found on children's (first) language and cognitive pre‐math skill, 5 months after the program ended. The present study focused on two facets of interaction quality as possible mediators of these program effects: the mean cognitive distancing level of mothers' communication and instruction behaviour as an indicator of the cognitive and verbal stimulation provided, and the degree of cooperation as an indicator of mothers' social‐emotional support to their children. Both measures were based on systematic observation of mother–child interaction during sorting tasks. Participation in the program appeared to improve mothers' social‐emotional support behaviour substantially, but not their cognitive distancing behaviour. For Turkish (first language) vocabulary, about half of the program effect appeared to be mediated by the improved social‐emotional support. For cognitive pre‐mathematical skills, two‐thirds of the program effect appeared to be mediated by improved social‐emotional support. Mothers' cognitive distancing was moderately‐strongly related to children's vocabulary development, but did not mediate program effects. Some implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.