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171.
Ignoring children's bedtime crying (ICBC) is an issue that polarizes parents as well as pediatricians. While most studies have focused on the effectiveness of sleep interventions, no study has yet questioned which parents use ICBC. Parents often find children's sleep difficulties to be very challenging, but factors such as the influence of Western approaches to infant care, stress, and sensitivity have not been analyzed in terms of ICBC. A sample of 586 parents completed a questionnaire to investigate the relationships between parental factors and the method of ICBC. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Latent variables were used to measure parental stress (Parental Stress Scale; J.O. Berry & W.H. Jones, 1995), sensitivity (Situation‐Reaction‐Questionnaire; Y. Hänggi, K. Schweinberger, N. Gugger, & M. Perrez, 2010), Western‐oriented parental beliefs (Rigidity), and children's temperament (Parenting Stress Index; H. Tröster & R.R. Abidin). ICBC was used by 32.6% (n = 191) of parents in this study. Parents’ Western‐oriented beliefs predicted ICBC. Attitudes such as feeding a child on a time schedule and not carrying it out to prevent dependence were associated with letting the child cry to fall asleep. Low‐sensitivity parents as well as parents of children with a difficult temperament used ICBC more frequently. Path analysis shows that parental stress did not predict ICBC. The results suggest that ICBC has become part of Western childrearing tradition. 相似文献
172.
Qianwei Wei Cuihong Zhang Jingxu Zhang Shusheng Luo Xiaoli Wang 《Infant mental health journal》2018,39(2):209-219
Poverty and its associated factors put people at risk for depression. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) of primary caregivers and socioemotional development (SED) delays of young children in poor rural areas of China, and to explore the association between them. Cross‐sectional data of 2,664 children aged 3 to 35 months and their primary caregivers were used for analysis. Characteristics of the child, caregiver, and family were collected through face‐to‐face caregiver interviews. DS were assessed by the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (W.W. Zung, 1965, as cited in World Health Organization, 2016b ), and SED was evaluated by the Ages and Stage Questionnaires: Social‐Emotional (J. Squires, D. Bricker, & L. Potter, 1997). The χ2 test, stratification analysis, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association. Among the caregivers, 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] [38.4, 42.1]), reported DS. Caregivers who were male, older and ethnic minorities as well as had a low level of education, a low family income, or more children were more likely to have DS. Of the children, 24.4% (95% CI [22.8, 26.0]) were recognized with SED delays. Older children displayed more delays than did younger children, but no significant differences between males and females were found. SED delays were significantly associated with mother outmigrating, male caregivers, older age, ethnic minorities, and low education or families with a single parent, low‐income, and having more children. Caregivers having DS, odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% CI [1.99, 2.88], was a significant predictor of increased odds of SED delays; other factors were single‐parent family, OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.37, 2.89], inadequate care, OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.30, 2.21], physical punishment, OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.33, 1.95], ethnic minorities, OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.17, 1.71], and child age in months, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04], according to the logistic regression analysis. DS are prevalent among caregivers with young children in poor rural areas. Interventions to improve the mental health of caregivers and their parenting behaviors are needed to improve children's SED. 相似文献
173.
Nathalie Pilard 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2018,63(1):65-84
Intuition is central in the work, practice, and philosophical legacy of C. G. Jung. In this paper, I will first discuss the importance of intuition for Jung in the paradigm usually designated the ‘paranormal’. Jung was attracted to intuition as an extra‐ordinary gift or function in the traditional sense, and this is considered here in relation to his 1896‐1899 Zofingia Lectures and 1902 On the Psychology and Pathology of So‐called Occult Phenomena: A Psychiatric Study. A significant development then occurred in 1913, when esotericist intuitions were turned toward psychological use with Jung's Red Book. There, his personal and private use of intuition – and we know how extraordinarily intuitive he was – led Jung to fully incorporate intuition at the core of his psychology. Not only in his practice, in the crucial intuitive form of empathy, but as we will see, also at the very heart of his theory. In 1921, Jung wrote Psychological Types, where intuition became one – the first – of the four fundamental functions and types of the psyche next to thinking, feeling, and sensation. In 1921, Jung proved to the world in rational argument that intuition was no longer a psychologist's hobby for table turning, but the most significant function of the psyche. 相似文献
174.
Agustin Romero Medina 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(35):5-10
RESUMENTras presentar a este profesor inglés -director de la Applied Psychology Unit- como uno de los investigadores más importantes en psicología cognitiva, la entrevista se centra en la denominada “memoria operativa” o “memoria de trabajo” (working memory) y alguna de sus implicaciones. En primer lugar el autor nos habla de sus estudios sobre el desarrollo de la lectura, afirmando que se puede caracterizar el retraso en el lenguaje como un déficit en la memoria operativa. Seguidamente trata el tema del aprendizaje humano desde la perspectiva de la psicología cognitiva, así como la relación entre su enfoque y el de los procesos automáticos y controlados de Shiffrin y Schneider o el de asignación de recursos de procesamiento de Navon y Gopher. Esta entrevista finaliza analizando las relaciones entre aprendizaje y memoria operativa. 相似文献
175.
Eduardo Crespo Suárez 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(47):35-45
RESUMENCrespo comienza manifestando que su propósito es sondear, aunque sea de forma elemental, la posibilidad y potencial productividad de una consideración de la racionalidad como elemento explicativo dentro de una teoría social de las actitudes. El autor explica que un concepto no exclusivamente utilitario o instrumental de la racionalidad puede ser de utilidad para comprender ciertos desarrollos de la dinámica actitudinal, en concreto, aquellos en que es posible pensar que cambiamos de actitud porque somos argumentalmente convencidos. Crespo resalta la posibilidad de considerar las actitudes, entendidas como procesos de significación evaluativa o toma de postura respecto a otros significativos, como procesos sociales susceptibles de enjuiciamiento y eventualmente necesitados de legitimación o justificación. El autor finaliza su trabajo repasando extensamente algunas características del concepto de actitud en relación con su carácter evaluativo y su vinculación a la acción. Los comentarios de Amalio Blanco, Charles Antaki y Ma Dolores Avia valorando esta exposición siguen a la misma, al igual que la respuesta de Crespo a estos autores. 相似文献
176.
Mark Saban 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2015,60(1):94-113
Barreto's paper, ‘Requiem for analytical psychology’ utilized Jung's dreams and visions to argue for the obsolescence of Jungian psychology. Its thesis rested upon the theoretical assumptions of Giegerich's psychology as a Discipline of Interiority, which he and Giegerich claim are themselves based in Jung's psychology. Here I argue that that claim is misplaced because it depends upon a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of Jung's psychological project. I shall further argue that Giegerich's arguments for a Jungian basis to his psychology rely upon misreadings and decontextualisations of Jung's original texts. Finally, I shall attempt to draw attention to the weaknesses and contradictions involved in Barreto's interpretations of Jung's dreams and visions. 相似文献
177.
J. M. Prieto 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(3):95-108
ResumenEl tema de la personalidad, en su sentido lato, es retomado en este artículo para proceder a justificar comprensivamente su utilización en Psicología Multivariada, tanto teórica como aplicada.Tras definir la personalidad como paradigma de configuración y pronóstico (a partir de los repertorios y predisposiciones comportamentales reincidentes), se establecen ocho axiomas básicos que sustentan cualquier investigación con metodologías multifactoriales. Asimismo se perfila el marco disciplinar que conecta la Teoría Multidimensional de la Personalidad con otras áreas y logros experimentales en Psicología General.Finalmente se apuntan los ejes re-interpretativos de la personalidad a la luz de las aportaciones de la Teoría General de Sistemas, entendiéndola como supra-sistema dinámico de transformación e integración del individuo en su medio. Así los rasgos, más que constructos hipotéticos, son considerados focos moduladores de influencia, direccionabilidad y ajuste. 相似文献
178.
《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(67):65-77
ResumenFrente a la visión tradicional que sostiene la existencia de claves conductuales discretas a que atender en la detección de la mentira, válidas para juzgar la conducta de cualquier emisor, algunos autores optan por postular la existencia de señales de naturaleza idiosincrásica. Ello se basa en los estudios que muestran una mayor precisión de los observadores al detectar la mentira de un emisor del que previamente se ha visto una muestra de conducta honesta. A dicha idiosincrasia Becerra, Sánchez y Carrera (1989) añaden la posibilidad de que, más que indicadores discretos, lo que permite detectar la mentira es la existencia de un patrón general expresivo en la conducta del emisor, que se percibiría alterado cuando éste miente. Replicamos parcialmente su estudio con nuestros propios datos, concluyendo que: (a) la precisión al juzgar una segunda declaración no es mayor en sujetos que previamente han visto al mismo emisor comportándose verazmente (considerando o no dicha conducta como veraz) que en aquellos que lo han visto actuando de forma engañosa; y (b) de haber un patrón general expresivo en la conducta de sujetos honestos y mentirosos, éste no se detecta por los observadores, sean éstos policías (alumnos de 2° en la Academia de Policía) o estudiantes de psicología. 相似文献
179.
《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2023,23(3):100370
BackgroundUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying human consciousness is pivotal to improve the prognostication and treatment of severely brain-injured patients. Consciousness remains an elusive concept and the identification of its neural correlates is an active subject of research, however recent neuroscientific advances have allowed scientists to better characterize disorders of consciousness. These breakthroughs question the historical nomenclature and our current management of post-comatose patients.MethodThis review examines the contribution of consciousness neurosciences to the current clinical management of severe brain injury. It investigates the major impact of consciousness disorders on healthcare systems, the scientific frameworks employed to identify their neural correlates and how evidence-based data from neuroimaging research have reshaped the landscape of post-coma care in recent years.ResultsOur increased ability to detect behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of consciousness has led to significant changes in taxonomy and clinical practice. We advocate for a multimodal framework for the management of severely brain-injured patients based on precision medicine and evidence-based decisions, integrating epidemiology, health economics and neuroethics.ConclusionsMajor progress in brain imaging and clinical assessment have opened the door to a new era of post-coma care based on standardized neuroscientific evidence. We highlight its implications in clinical applications and call for improved collaborations between researchers and clinicians to better translate findings to the bedside. 相似文献
180.
Patricia L. Papernow 《Family process》2018,57(1):52-69
Divorce rates have dropped in the United States, except for couples over 50 where they are rising steeply, along with rates of late‐life recoupling. Both stepcouples and their young adult and adult children in new older stepfamilies are often surprised to find themselves facing many of the same challenges that younger stepfamilies do. Some challenges are even intensified by the decades‐long relationships and additional layers of extended family that come with recoupling after mid‐life. Stepfamilies formed in later life must also negotiate decisions about estate planning and elder care among stakeholders who often have sharply divergent agendas before there is time to establish trusting relationships. This article describes the “normal” challenges facing stepcouples who come together over age 50. It provides evidence‐informed guidance for therapists in meeting these challenges on three levels of clinical work: Psychoeducational, Interpersonal, and Intrapsychic/Intergenerational. As in younger stepfamilies, “family therapy” must usually begin in subsystems—often the adult stepcouple and parent–adult child. The article then describes a particularly fraught subgroup of recouplers: over‐50 fathers and their new partners, where the dad's young adult or adult daughter is very unhappy with his new relationship. In these latter stepfamilies, father–daughter repair must precede stepfamily bonding. Stepfamilies that are preceded by a partner's death and those that begin with affairs are also discussed. Finally, some “easy wrong turns” for therapists are described. 相似文献