牙科焦虑症患者心理干预的疗效分析

为了探讨心理诱导对牙科焦虑症(dental anxiety,DA)患者治疗的影响,采用焦虑自评量表及汉密顿焦虑量表对门诊就诊患者进行焦虑调查,筛选出伴焦虑者82例,随机分为两组,分别进行心理干预治疗和一般治疗,并对数据进行统计分析.结果显示,心理诱导指导组与对照组相比较焦虑水平明显降低.患者无论在完成第一次治疗还是复诊情况均优于对照组(P<0.01).提示心理干预对DA患者治疗有显著效果.     

大学生心理健康普查和建档工作的理性思考

本文针对目前高校心理普查和建档中存在的问题,深入探讨了心理普查和建档的目的、资料内容的构成、科学性与有效性的影响因素、能否筛查出心理障碍和心理危机者、结果的保密性和使用,以及投入与产出的问题等等,以期引起各方对此的深入思考,并科学地对待心理普查和建档工作。     

打麻将、吸烟、饮酒行为对震后灾区民众心理健康的影响

打麻将是四川地区普遍存在的社会消遣活动,其社会、心理功能一直颇受争议。本研究探讨了四川地震灾区民众打麻将、吸烟、饮酒的行为习惯和震后的行为变化,及其对抑郁、躯体化、睡眠问题等心理健康指标的影响。结果发现：1）有打麻将习惯的受访者远多于有吸烟或饮酒习惯者;有打麻将习惯的受访者的心理健康通过社会支持的完全中介作用得到改善,而吸烟、饮酒行为习惯对心理健康有消极影响。2）与震前相比,震后民众的打麻将、饮酒行为大多减少,吸烟行为有所增加,各种习惯行为增加的受访者心理健康和社会支持水平较低;社会支持对灾区民众打麻将、吸烟、饮酒行为增加与心理健康间的关系起完全或部分中介作用。总体而言,打麻将行为与吸烟、饮酒行为习惯有所不同,适度的麻将消遣对四川地震灾区的民众心理健康有积极的影响     

抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及相关因素分析

了解参加抗震救援官兵的心理健康状况及相关因素,为进行心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（EPQ-RSC）及军事应激症状核查表（PCL-M）,对空军某部抗震救援官兵进行心理测评。结果 消极应对和PCL-M总分与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关（p＜0.01）;积极应对方式与PCL-M总分、SCL-90总分及4项因子分呈低相关（p＜0.01）;不同气质类型PCL-M总分及SCL-90各项统计指标之间均有显著性差异（p＜0.01）。结论 气质类型与应对方式对心理健康状况有很大影响,个别官兵应及时给予心理疏导     

儿童心理时间之旅的发展

人类在心理上把自我投射到过去以重新经历过去事件以及把自我投射到未来以预先经历未来事件的能力被称为心理时间之旅。心理时间之旅是认知心理学、认知神经科学、进化心理学、比较心理学、发展心理学等多个学科共同关注的研究领域。目前有关个体心理时间之旅的发展研究表明,心理时间之旅大约出现在儿童3~5岁时。未来有关个体心理时间之旅的发展性研究应从研究范式、研究技术、认知机制、文化差异等方面加以改进。     

国外心理疾病烙印影响研究概述

心理疾病污名足加诸在心理疾病患者身上的耻辱标记,世界卫生组织2001年指出"心理和行为障碍患者康复的最大阻碍就是社会对他们的污名和与之相连的歧视".作者对国外污名领域的研究进行了回顾,论述了心理疾病污名的概念、有关其影响机制的理论和实证研究.从公众污名和自我污名两方面论述了污名对心理疾病患者的影响以及消除污名的方法.     

Efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents

The current review provides a qualitative assessment of the efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) as adapted for adolescents. The aim was to assess the efficacy of DBT compared to usual methods in the treatment of adolescent mental health symptoms, inclusive of suicidal ideation and self‐harm. Computerised databases including Medline and PsycINFO were accessed and knowledgeable informants in the area of DBT were contacted. Inclusion criteria required the studies to be clinical trials on DBT provided to adolescents. Due to the requirements on research design only three studies were appropriate for review. The review focused on quality assessment of the current data, including investigation into the effects of selection bias, confounding variables, outcome measures and measurement errors. The data suggest that there is some evidence for DBT being effective in reducing symptoms of mental health, especially those consistent with borderline personality disorder. The resultant data, however, are of very poor quality, and as such the review addresses ways to improve the quality of research and offers suggestions for future research.     

Both motor prediction and conceptual congruency between preview and action-effect contribute to explicit judgment of agency

The sense of agency is the sense that one is causing an action. The inferential account of the sense of agency proposes that we experience the sense of agency when we infer that one’s own thoughts are the cause of an action. According to this account, the inference occurs when a thought appears in consciousness prior to an action, is consistent with the action, and is not accompanied by conspicuous other causes of the action. Alternatively, a predictive account of the sense of agency proposes that sensory prediction based on efferent (motor) information plays a critical role in generating the sense of agency. The present study investigated whether the sense of agency depended primarily on the conceptual congruence between preview information (i.e., to elicit a thought) and actual sensory feedback as suggested by the inferential account, or whether it depended primarily on the sensory-motor congruence between prediction and actual sensory feedback as suggested by the predictive account. The results indicated that both of these factors did contribute to the sense of agency, although sensory-motor congruence appears to have a more robust impact.     

Symmetric frenzy and catastrophic change: A consideration of primitive mental states in the wake of Bion and Matte Blanco

The author explores the connections between Matte Blanco's notion of symmetric frenzy, i.e. the turbulence characteristic of the deepest levels of mental functioning, and Bion's concept of catastrophic change. For Bion, mental links are retrieved from the formless darkness of infinity. With catastrophic change, emotional violence and the confining nature of representation come into conflict, leaving the subject prey to an explosiveness that paralyses mental resources. Matte Blanco identifies indivisibility as the abyss in which all differentiation ceases; he bases his model on the conflict between symmetry and asymmetry. Infinity, he maintains, is where the first forms of mentalization develop. Both Bion and Matte Blanco emphasize the contrast between the immensity of mental space and the spatio-temporal order introduced by the activation of thinking functions. The author presents clinical material from the analysis of a psychotic patient, stressing the need to encourage both working through the defect of thinking (Bion) and 'unfolding' manifestations of symmetry (Matte Blanco) so as to foster the activation of the resources of thought, meanwhile postponing transference interpretation. He concludes with two later sessions, in which recognition of the analyst in the transference allows the analysand to develop his capacity for containment and asymmetric differentiation.     

Spontaneous mapping of number and space in adults and young children

Mature representations of space and number are connected to one another in ways suggestive of a ‘mental number line’, but this mapping could either be a cultural construction or a reflection of a more fundamental link between the domains of number and geometry. Using a manual bisection paradigm, we tested for number line representations in adults, young school children, and preschool children. Non-symbolic numerical displays systematically distorted localization of the midpoint of a horizontal line at all three ages. Numerical and spatial representations therefore are linked prior to the onset of formal instruction, in a manner that suggests a privileged relation between spatial and numerical cognition.