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31.
汉字内隐记忆的实验研究(Ⅱ):任务分离和反应倾向 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在实验I的基础上,操纵学习时的呈现时间(250ms,500ms,750ms)和注意变量(目标和非目标字),运用任务分离方法及间接证明逻辑,比较了再认测验和整字偏好测验在不同条件下的辨别力(A′)和反应倾向(B″)。结果:(1)双向功能分离的出现表明再认测验和偏好测验存在本质差异。根据“过程纯净”假设,可以推证内隐记忆存在于偏好测验中。此时,匹配比较法的标准未满足。(2)偏好测验中,500ms呈现目标字时,有显著正向启动效应:750ms呈现非目标字时,有显著负向启动效应。(3)内隐记忆和外显记忆发生时,都具有稳定的心理状态。但是前者的报告标准较松宽,而后者的较严格。 相似文献
32.
Although extinction has been an effective treatment for a variety of behavior disorders, its use may be associated with several adverse side effects, the most common being an initial increase in the frequency of the target response, called an "extinction burst." We attempted to determine the prevalence of the extinction burst in applied research and its possible attenuation with other operant procedures. An analysis of 113 sets of extinction data indicated that bursting may not be as common as previously assumed (it occurred in 24% of the cases) and may be less likely when extinction is implemented with alternative procedures rather than as the sole intervention (bursting was evident in 12% of the former cases and 36% of the latter). 相似文献
33.
The effects of functional communication training, extinction, and response chaining on 3 subjects' escape-maintained aberrant behavior were evaluated using a multielement design. Functional communication training consisted of teaching subjects a verbal response that was functionally equivalent to their aberrant behavior. Subjects initially were allowed to escape from a task contingent on the trained verbal response. In subsequent treatment phases, escape was contingent on the trained verbal response plus the completion of the specified number of steps in the task (response chaining). The number of steps was increased until a subject completed the task to obtain a break. Results showed that the treatment reduced rates of aberrant behavior and that the chaining procedure was effective in decreasing the availability of escape. 相似文献
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内隐记忆研究的实验方法探索:启动效应计量方法的改进思路及其实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以实验鉴定了常规的启动效应计量方法的有效性程度,并为客观地计量启动效应,创用了“超意识广度法”、“二次比较法”等.结果发现:(1)如被试数量较少,以不同补笔率为“基线值”所求得的启动效应之间发生显著差异的可能性存在;(2)超意识广度法能克服“阈下呈现刺激法”“分散注意法”的不足,为内隐记忆提供有利的识记情境;(3)“二次比较法”能为正常人内隐记忆的存在提供更为直接、可靠的证据,并能客观、精确地计量启动效应。 相似文献
36.
设计三种情境考察被试的推理情况,并试图揭示儿童是怎样进行传递性关系推理的。结果显示:(1)3—6岁儿童具有进行传递性关系推理能力;(2)造成我国3—6岁儿童作传递性关系推理失败的原因有二:一是错误理解比较句式,二是没有记住前提;(3)3—6岁儿童进行传递性关系推理的内部过程不同:小年龄段被试多采用“局部加工模式”,大龄段被试多采用“整体空间加工模式”。 相似文献
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The transfer of respondent eliciting and extinction functions through stimulus equivalence classes
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Dougher MJ Augustson E Markham MR Greenway DE Wulfert E 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1994,62(3):331-351
Two studies investigated the transfer of respondent elicitation through equivalence classes. In Experiment 1, match-to-sample procedures were used to teach 8 subjects two four-member equivalence classes. One member of one class was then paired with electric shock, and one member of the other class was presented without shock. All remaining stimuli were then presented. Using skin conductance as the measure of conditioning, transfer of conditioning was demonstrated in 6 of the 8 subjects. In Experiment 2, similar procedures were used to replicate the results of Experiment 1 and investigate the transfer of extinction. Following equivalence training and conditioning to all members of one class, one member was then presented in extinction. When the remaining stimuli from this class were then presented, they failed to elicit skin conductance. In the final phase of the experiment, the stimulus that was previously presented in extinction was reconditioned. Test trials with other members of the class revealed that they regained elicitation function. These results demonstrate that both respondent elicitation and extinction can transfer through stimulus classes. The clinical and applied significance of the results is discussed. 相似文献
39.
M J Evans A Duvel M L Funk B Lehman J Sparrow N T Watson A Neuringer 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1994,62(1):149-156
An apparatus was developed to study social reinforcement in the rat. Four Long-Evans female rats were trained to press a lever via shaping, with the reinforcer being access to a castrated male rat. Responding under a fixed-ratio schedule and in extinction was also observed. Social access was found to be an effective reinforcer. When social reinforcement was compared with food reinforcement under similar conditions of deprivation and reinforcer duration, no significant differences were observed. 相似文献
40.
该研究采用实验室实验法,被试自我报告分析及调查访问法,以三个年龄(10岁、14岁、18岁)组学生及专项运动员为实验对象,揭示短时动作记忆的容量和精确度及其与动作学习指数的关系。结果表明:(1)被试的短时动作记忆容量为“5±2”,短时动作记忆的容量与动作学习的练习次数相联系;短时动作记忆的精确度与第一次动作练习的准确度相联系。(2)短时动作记忆的容量有随年龄增长而递增的趋势。(3)运动员与非运动员被试对于同类动作学习的练习次数存在显著性差异。 相似文献