中美高等医学教育结构比较研究

高等医学教育结构合理化是衡量医学教育发展水平的重要指标, 是研究和制定医学教育发展战略的科学依据。优化高等医学教育结构对促进社会经济发展、提高教育经济效益具有重要作用。对中美高等医学教育结构进行比较, 旨在发现, 两国医学教育结构存在的差异。通过比较发现, 我国高等医学教育存在布局不合理、专业设置紊乱、专业层次结构偏低等问题。需要加强国家宏观规划和监督, 发展西部医学教育, 调整医学教育布局, 优化专业层次结构, 提升医学人才综合素质的培养。     

医学伦理教育中隐性课程的负面影响及其消解对策

在正规医学伦理学课程以外,还存在对医学生道德发展产生重要影响的隐性课程。如教育引导不当,隐性课程会给医学生伦理素养、价值观念和行为方式等带来负面影响,造成医学伦理教育与临床实际行为之间的脱节。改进医学伦理教育,需要明确和重视隐性课程的存在。消除其负面影响,需要加强正规医学教育中伦理文化和价值观的传播,充分发挥专业教学过程中隐性课程的积极作用,系统设计、辩证运用隐性课程对医生角色塑造的影响。

     

论新的医学人文观

人文观念有其不同的发展形态。新的医学人文观要点有三：关爱与敬重生命;尊重人的生命权与健康权;医学科学与医学人文的结合。向医学科学注入医学人文精神,同时将医学人文精神注入科学精神,医学科学学者与医学人文学者的合作,是当前我国医学人文精神建设的根本任务。     

医疗保险支付方式的研究进展

医疗保险支付方式是医疗保险体制改革的重点与难点,直接关系着医疗保险各方的经济利益,影响医疗保险制度的平稳运行,也是医疗保险费用控制的关键。就国内外医疗保险支付方式的研究现状及进展进行综述,并进一步提出医疗保险支付方式的发展趋势。     

全国高等院校医学人文教育现状与对策研究

为全面了解全国高等院校医学人文教育现状,采取问卷调查的方式对来自全国48所高等院校的18 326名在校学生进行调查。调查得出学生对本校医学人文课程设置、自身学习效果和校园医学人文氛围整体状况较为满意。但也存在课程内容不全面、教学方法单一、缺少实践教学平台等问题。由此得出结论：高等院校医学人文教育的任务需要明确,医学人文课程体系需要完善,医学人文课程教学方式需要优化,医学人文教育评价需要多元化,医学人文教师队伍需要强化,医学人文教育平台需要巩固拓展。

     

Examination of the PC-PTSD in previously deployed Air Force Medical Service personnel

This study assessed the performance of the PC-PTSD in diagnosing postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 18,530). The prevalence of PTSD in the cohort was 5.18% based on medical record data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69, indicating poor classification accuracy. Sensitivity was 47.55%, specificity was 90.68%, positive predictive value was 21.79%, and negative predictive value was 96.94%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.10 and 0.58, respectively. Several risk factors were found to be associated with a diagnosis of postdeployment PTSD: being a nurse, being enlisted in the medical service career field, being enlisted in the mental health service career field, those over age 30, being a member of the Active Duty service component, and having one’s first deployment be to Iraq. Being an officer was found to be a protective characteristic. These factors could potentially improve screening for PTSD among Air Force healthcare personnel.     

From the clarity of ideas to the validity of judgments: Kant's farewell to epistemic perfectionism

Against the standard interpretation of Kant's ‘Copernican revolution’ as the prioritization of epistemology over ontology, I argue in this paper that his critique of traditional metaphysics must be seen as a farewell to the perfectionism on which early modern rationalist ontology and epistemology are built. However, Kant does not simply replace ‘perfection’ with another fundamental concept of normativity. More radically, Kant realizes that it is not simply ideas but only the relation of ideas that can be subject to norms, and thus he shifts the focus from the reality of ideas to the validity of judgments. Section 1 of this paper clarifies the pre-Kantian role of the concept of perfection and examines Kant's critical response to that concept. Section 2 identifies Kant's point of departure from the Cartesian ‘way of ideas.’ Section 3 explains the key problem of his novel account of epistemic normativity. I conclude that Kant's anti-perfectionism must be seen as the driving force behind his ‘Copernican revolution’ in order to fully appreciate his mature account of epistemic normativity.     

Perceived Stress and Comorbid Illness Predict Depressive Symptomatology in People with Coeliac Disease

A high prevalence of depression is found in people with coeliac disease (CD). People with CD who are depressed are less likely to manage their illness effectively, which may lead to complications. Identification of variables associated with depression in people with CD may facilitate early detection and intervention. Participants were 749 members (125 males, 622 females) of the Queensland Coeliac Society (aged 18–88 years), recruited via a mailout. Participants completed the Modified Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Perceived Consequences Subscale (from the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire). Stress (p = .001) and comorbid medical illness (p = .01) were significantly associated with depression in CD. The current study made an original contribution to the body of literature by identifying stress and comorbid medical illness as predictors of depression in CD.     

Methodological implications of the affect revolution: a 35-year review of emotion regulation assessment in children

This investigation analyzed the methods used over the past 35 years to study emotion regulation (ER) in children. Articles published from 1975 through 2010 were identified in 42 child clinical, developmental, and emotion psychology journals. Overall, 61.1% of published ER articles relied on one method and 23.6% used two methods. Analyses revealed (a) 82.8% of published ER research occurring within the past decade; (b) higher rates of observational methods with infant and toddler/preschool samples, but more use of self-report methodology with middle childhood and adolescent samples; (c) a longer history of published ER research with samples of infants to 5-year-olds, including the use of more longitudinal design, compared with older samples; and (d) a positive association between journal impact ratings and the use of physiological and observational measurement. Review of the measurement tools used to capture ER revealed great diversity in how emotion processes are understood and evaluated.     

医学影像学见习应用PACS教学法与传统读片教学法的对比研究

将中南大学湘雅医学院2010级临床医学五年制197名学生随机分成两组,在医学影像学见习教学过程中分别应用影像存储及传输系统（PACS）教学法（98人）及传统读片教学法（99人）,学期结束时对两组学生考试成绩进行分析,并对PACS组学生进行问卷调查及结果分析.统计数据显示,PACS组学生读片测验及卷面考试中,病例分析题成绩显著高于传统读片组,问卷调查显示PACS组学生大多数认可该教学方法.因此,应用PACS教学有助于提高学生的临床分析能力及主动学习的能力,是学生欢迎的教学方式.但对医学影像学基本知识的传授,应用PACS法较传统读片法并无明显优势.