医学生之医学伦理素养教育剖辨

对医学生加强医学伦理素养教育是当前国内外医学教育的共识,但在教育的内容、方式和方法上却是各具特色.相对而言,我国医学院校对医学生的医学伦理素养教育尚处于不成熟的阶段,其表现就是教育过程中存在着诸多的问题、教学效果不甚理想.从医学伦理素养教育的现状入手,尝试分析我国医学伦理素养教育中的重点和难点问题.     

论新时期医学院校人文学科建设

加强医学人文学科建设是全面推进素质教育、培养创新精神的重要内容,也是深化医学教育改革步伐的重要举措.医学院校开展医学人文教育教学真正目的是进一步优化高等医学院校人才培养模式,使医学人文学科知识内化为医学生的人文思想和人文精神.     

中国临床医学专业博士研究生教育之我观

中国的研究生教育事业篷勃发展,但发展的背后却隐藏着种种弊端,妨碍着培养质量的提高.就临床医学专业博士研究生教育中存在的问题提出四点建议,希望有利于其健康发展.     

对应急体系中开展志愿服务的理性思考

民间组织和志愿者在突然事件的前期救援和事后重建中,往往都起着不可或缺的作用。分析了应急体系中开展志愿服务的必要性和可行性,讨论了开展志愿服务存在的问题,探讨了解决这些问题的途径。     

Stochastic pairwise comparative judgements and direct ratings of alternatives in the REMBRANDT system

The REMBRANDT system for multicriteria decision analysis consists of both the multiplicative variant of the AHP (which employs a method of pairwise comparative judgements by a decision maker to arrive at final impact scores for the alternatives under consideration) and SMART, the simple multiattribute rating technique (which utilizes direct rating of alternatives to achieve final impact scores). This paper examines the effect of imprecision or uncertainty in the decision maker's pairwise judgements or ratings of alternatives by expressing each pairwise judgement or rating as a probability distribution, and the structure of REMBRANDT's component models is exploited to derive interval judgements or interval ratings of the alternatives’ final impact scores. These interval judgements or interval ratings can be used to determine the probability of rank reversal amongst alternatives, i.e. to assess the stability of the final impact score vector. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从人际关系看人格--认知-情感系统理论的视角

人格的认知—情感系统理论(cognitive-affective system theory of personality,简称CAPS)被视为是与大五人格理论齐名的一种人格理论。该文拟从个体外部的人际关系层面来阐述该理论,以加深对理论的理解。然后,又从CAPS与其它人际关系理论的契合说明该理论是一种整合性的人格理论。最后,指出了CAPS的优点和局限性,并由此对人格研究的未来发展方向进行了探讨。     

加强医学伦理学教育指导医疗实践

通过对五所医院医务人员和两所医科大学的学生从医学伦理学教育和伦理培训等四方面进行现场调查和分析,提出目前在医科大学,医学伦理学已经逐步被认识和接受;医学伦理在临床实践和医疗科研中已有较大的影响;医学伦理委员会的工作需要进一步加强;医学伦理教育任重道远.     

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Medicalization of Misbehavior

During the past decade, there has been an increase in the diagnosis and treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This syndrome, typically diagnosed in childhood, is characterized by inattention, hyperactive motor behavior, and distractibility. Current prevalence rates obtained in various countries generally exceed the 3–5% reported by DSM-IV. Reasons for increased ADHD prevalence include changes in diagnostic standards, overlap between ADHD and other externalizing disorders, nonspecific behavioral criteria, and the rapid effects of stimulant medication on cognitive functioning. However, social, cultural, and economic factors may also contribute to increased diagnosis. ADHD has become a common topic in the lay media. Popular discussions of ADHD may serve as a metaphoric expression of social anxieties, particularly with respect to children. At the same time, ADHD has rapidly become incorporated into a medical model, with emphasis on pharmacological treatment. Reductions in mental health and educational services, as well as economic pressures of managed care, may also contribute to medicalization of behavioral problems. Collaboration between psychologists and primary care physicians can lead to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ADHD and related disorders.     

"零缺陷"与医疗纠纷的防范

根据"零缺陷"质量管理的理念以及如何应用这一理念来防范医疗纠纷,从医疗实践、传统观念等方面进行分析,得出医疗机构只有正确的应用"零缺陷"质量管理,才能最有效地防范医疗纠纷.     

从医生和医院角度透视医患关系

医患关系一直以来都是临床医学实践的核心问题和基础,受多因素影响,包括患者、医生(医院)和社会.在医患关系不和谐的今天,如何以系统论方法,从医生和医院角度分析制约医患关系健康发展症结,是每个医生和医院管理者需认真思考和对待的问题.而发扬人文主义精神,坚持"以病人为中心"理念,是医生和医院缓解日益加剧的医患矛盾,从根本上改善医患关系的前提.