美国与知情同意有关的一些问题

知情同意是医疗保健和医学研究的一个基本的伦理学要求。这两种情况中,当医学研究的知情同意标准比医疗保健要求更加严格时,知情同意包含了3种要素：（1）告知病人或受试者该研究的性质。包括益处,危险和其他有关内容;（2）确保病人受试者理解所提供的信息;（3）得到病人或受试者自愿的同意,没有能力参与知情同意的病人包括患痴呆和危重病等无决断 能力的病人,这些病人属弱势病人。如要获许对他们的疾病进行研究,我们必须制定保护弱势受试者有效的伦理政策,提出了关于对痴呆病人、危重病人,脑死亡病人研究的伦理学政策。     

Anxiety and Depression in Medically Ill Older Adults

Anxiety and depression are extremely common in the elderly with medical problems. They can manifest not only as symptoms of a primary psychiatric illness, but also as physiologic sequelae of medical illnesses and medical treatments. Recognition and treatment of depression and anxiety in the medically ill is especially difficult. If these states go untreated, they result in higher morbidity and mortality, higher health care costs and utilization, and poorer functional status and outcomes. Three of the most common medical illnesses that afflict geriatric patients, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, will be presented to illustrate the difficulty in recognizing depression and anxiety and the impact of treating these symptoms in the medically ill elderly. Multidisciplinary approaches combining optimal medication regimens and psychosocial interventions can be effective for treatment of anxiety and depression in the medically ill elderly.     

对我国医疗鉴定的思考与探讨

我国医疗事故鉴定具有很强的行政色彩,违反了诉讼法的基本规则,兼之医疗事故鉴定委员会在人员组成上有明显不足,导致对患者程序与实体上的不公正,其危害甚大。立足完善,认为对待医疗事故鉴定应突出其证据材料的法律性质,明确其非经质证和认证不得适用,同时探讨了改革医疗事故鉴定委员会的组成与设置。审理医疗事故纠纷是鉴定不能一概而论。     

医学为什么会愈加凸现人文意义

从医学的特殊性所包含的丰富的人文价值。弘扬人文精神对医学科技正确发展的作用,论述了注重医学发展中凸现人文意义的原因。     

消费时代的医学人文价值：—兼谈医学中科学和人文的对话与冲突

针对消费时代医患关系的现状重提医学人文价值凸显的话题,将对诊断与治疗两个环节剖析了医学人文在医疗生活中的切入点,价值内涵与现实冲突。深入分析了医学人文旨归与科学建构之间的差异、冲突、并为医学人文走向医学、医疗、医院提供了一些有益的见解。     

论创建一流大学与高等医学教育的改革与发展

创建一流大学的战略选择为中国高等教育事业的发展提供了新的机遇与挑战,也为高等医学教育的更快发展提供了可能。我们应当正确认识与世界一流大学存在的差距和高等医学教育的特殊性,积极探索,充分发挥综合性大学的办学优势,努力推进医学教育的改革与发展。     

Decreasing Child Distress During Needle Sticks and Maintaining Treatment Gains Over Time

This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention for reducing behavioral distress in children during needle sticks. Participants were eight children and their parents. The children received injections or venipunctures for hematological or oncological disease. The distress management intervention included instruction for children to engage in a distraction activity during needle sticks and parent training in coaching their children. The intervention was adapted to clinic and home treatment settings. Results indicated that five children exhibited significantly less distress after treatment when compared with baseline sessions, that treatment gains were maintained at follow-up for three of them, and that child distress was significantly and negatively related to use of the experimental distractor. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

Medical Psychology in New Zealand

This paper describes medical psychology and health psychology in New Zealand, particularly in relation to psychologists teaching in medical schools, psychologists working in general medical settings, and health psychologists. It identifies a reasonably slow but continuing consolidation of the discipline, particularly from a research perspective, but also with therapeutic initiatives in the public and private health sector. The potential for increased activity in health promotion and increased psychological analysis and influence in the health system is identified.     

Medical Psychology in Israel

Medical Psychology in Israel has been recently recognized as a separate specialty. Therefore, the thoughts and efforts of our professional community are mainly directed toward defining the concept of medical psychology and developing the field and the profession. In this article I discuss some of these issues and describe present achievements and future prospects.