知情同意的临床实践存在的问题及对策

临床医疗实践中贯彻实施知情同意原则旨在保护病人的权益不受侵犯,然而知情同意原则实施起来并不简单,它常常会受到主客体两方面种种因素的制约,陷入意想不到的困境。分析了知情同意原则在实施过程中可能出现的一些难以回避的问题,并针对这些问题探讨了若干对策。     

HOW SCIENCE CAN HELP RELIGION BENEFIT SOCIETY

Abstract. Modern science has given us a revolutionary new understanding of the close interrelationship and interdependence of humans not only with all other humans but with all other living species and with the nonliving elements of the geosphere and the rest of the universe. This new understanding can provide a basis for new understandings of (1) the basic nature of religion, (2) the basic principles of major world religious traditions, and (3) the basic principles of religious ethics. The new understanding of religious ethics will involve a better understanding of our rights and responsibilities, as individuals and groups, with respect to other individuals and groups of humans, other living species, and the nonliving universe. This improved understanding will benefit not only human individuals and human societies, local and global, but also local and global ecosystems.     

云南省新型农村合作医疗调查报告

采用个别访谈、小型调查会和文献资料收集的调查方法,对云南省7个县(市)新型农村合作医疗进行调查,从合作医疗实施的效果、公平性、责任等方面对调查结果进行分析,得出结论,并提出问题进行讨论.     

孙思邈中医美学思想初探

孙思邈的<千金方>中蕴涵着深刻而丰富的中医美学思想,他继承和发展了和谐统一的整体观,十分重视医务人员的美德修养,并将中医美容的理论与实践提高到一个新的水平,注重环境美对人体美的影响.他的许多观点至今仍具有重要的现实意义.     

人文社会医学教育应纳为继续医学教育的重要内容

从人文社会医学的概念、现状及加强人文社会医学继续教育的重要性,阐述了应将人文社会医学教育纳为继续医学教育的重要内容的现点.指出加强人文社会医学继续教育应统一认识,加强领导;强化培训,纳入正规;注重实践,回归社会.     

仿生医学--一个新的医学理论体系的创立

医学发展呼唤原始性创新.大自然是人类创新的不竭源泉,国际上仿生学研究如火如荼.为了强化将仿生方法、仿生技术贯穿到科研创新的全过程,引导医学科技人员巧妙寻找源头创新,率先提出创立仿生医学体系,并初步建立起仿生医学的学科框架,以便更好地把握学科前沿和判断发展趋势,为我国在仿生医学学科领域的领先作用奠定重要基础.     

医患间的人际冲突与管理策略

医患间人际冲突是影响医患关系的重要因素,它对医患关系不仅能够产生消极的结果,还能够产生建设性的结果。分析了医患间人际冲突的本质、来源、影响以及冲突管理策略,旨在促进人们通过理解冲突的本质和产生的原因,实行有效的冲突管理策略,使冲突得到建设性解决,促进良好的医患关系的建立。     

新型农村合作医疗中的道德风险及防范

以“新乡模式”为例对商业保险公司参与承办新型农村合作医疗进行了有益的探索。对商业保险公司利益激励不足致使其参与新农舍的积极性不高,而激励不足主要是源于制度不足导致对新农合中的道德风险约束无力。探讨了对道德风险的防范措施。     

Testing boundary conditions for the conjunction fallacy: effects of response mode, conceptual focus, and problem type

Two experiments used within-subject designs to examine how conjunction errors depend on the use of (1) choice versus estimation tasks, (2) probability versus frequency language, and (3) conjunctions of two likely events versus conjunctions of likely and unlikely events. All problems included a three-option format verified to minimize misinterpretation of the base event. In both experiments, conjunction errors were reduced when likely events were conjoined. Conjunction errors were also reduced for estimations compared with choices, with this reduction greater for likely conjuncts, an interaction effect. Shifting conceptual focus from probabilities to frequencies did not affect conjunction error rates. Analyses of numerical estimates for a subset of the problems provided support for the use of three general models by participants for generating estimates. Strikingly, the order in which the two tasks were carried out did not affect the pattern of results, supporting the idea that the mode of responding strongly determines the mode of thinking about conjunctions and hence the occurrence of the conjunction fallacy. These findings were evaluated in terms of implications for rationality of human judgment and reasoning.