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231.
Despite researchers’ strong interest in individualism and collectivism (I–C), the conceptualization and measurement of I–C
constructs remain controversial. Through a cross-cultural study, the present research examines the dimensionality of I–C and
tests equivalence of a measurement scale recently developed by Triandis and Gelfand. Through confirmatory factor analyses,
the authors find that conceiving I–C as separate constructs with multiple dimensions is superior and better fits the data.
The measurement scale developed based on such a conceptualization is found warrantable although refinements can be made. The
results suggest a need for future research on further testing the dimensionality and measurement of the individualism and
collectivism scale. 相似文献
232.
Meany-Daboul MG Roscoe EM Bourret JC Ahearn WH 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(3):501-514
In the current study, momentary time sampling (MTS) and partial-interval recording (PIR) were compared to continuous-duration recording of stereotypy and to the frequency of self-injury during a treatment analysis to determine whether the recording method affected data interpretation. Five previously conducted treatment analysis data sets were analyzed by creating separate graphic displays for each measurement method (duration or frequency, MTS, and PIR). An expert panel interview and structured criterion visual inspection were used to evaluate treatment effects across measurement methods. Results showed that treatment analysis interpretations based on both discontinuous recording methods often matched those based on frequency or duration recording; however, interpretations based on MTS were slightly more likely to match those based on duration and those based on PIR were slightly more likely to match those based on frequency. 相似文献
233.
234.
Brian K. Martens Tanya L. Eckert John C. Begeny Lawrence J. Lewandowski Florence D. DiGennaro Staci A. Montarello Lauren A. Arbolino Derek D. Reed Barbara H. Fiese 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(1):38-53
This study evaluated the effects of a fluency-based reading program with 15 second and third grade students and 15 matched
controls. Gains in oral reading fluency on untrained CBM probes were evaluated using a matched-pairs group-comparison design,
whereas immediate and two-day retention gains in oral reading fluency on trained passages were evaluated using an adapted
changing criterion design. Increases in WRCM due to training and number of trainings to criterion were also evaluated as a
function of pre-training fluency levels. Results showed statistically significant gains on dependent measures for the treatment
group, mean increases of two to three grade levels in passages mastered, and an optimal pre-training fluency range of 41-60
WRCM. Implications for fluency-based reading programs are discussed. 相似文献
235.
Lidia Obojska 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(6):641-657
The new system of axioms we propose is based on the foundational theory of De Giorgi et al. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Preprints di Matematica 26: 1 (1996) slightly modified. In that paper (which is dedicated to a new axiomatic framework for mathematics, informatics
and logic) the authors use two kinds of primitive notions: relations and qualities. Since their system is based on the distribution
paradigm, they start from distinction. We propose to shift the perspective and to start from unity and then from within unity
to pass to distinction; to this end we apply ideas of Lesniewski, Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 44 (1992). We introduce only one kind of entity as a primitive notion, namely relations, and treat qualities as articulations
of relations. The new concept of “primary relation” permits the introduction of a dynamic, non-standard form of identity,
which we hope will find application in various fields where self-referential structures are required. 相似文献
236.
The movement toward evidence-based treatments, interventions, or practices pressures single case research (SCR) to use statistical summaries which have broad credibility. These summaries also need to be easily understood and useful in schools and clinics. To date the effect size families, “proportion of variance” (R2, Eta2) and “standardized mean difference” (Cohen's d, Hedges' g) have little popularity in SCR. This paper demonstrates a set of alternative Clinical Outcome indices widely used in the field of medicine: Risk Difference, Relative Risk, Relative Risk Improvement, and Odds Ratio, which compare patients in treatment versus control conditions. Translated to SCR designs, the baseline phase becomes the control condition, the intervention phase becomes the treatment condition, and improvement is defined as non-overlapping data between phases. The positive attributes of Clinical Outcomes are demonstrated: (a) easily interpretable results, (b) close relationship with concept of non-overlapping data, (c) minimal data assumptions, (d) minimal statistical expertise required, (e) multiple contrasts possible for diagnostic understanding, (f) exact confidence intervals for results, and (g) close relationship to Pearson R effect size family. 相似文献
237.
场景知觉及其研究范式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
场景知觉关注的是人如何知觉和加工复杂的真实环境信息。场景包括物体和背景两个重要的组成部分,根据复杂性与真实性程度,场景刺激材料可以分为三种不同的类型。已有研究主要从自上而下和自下而上两种方式来解释场景知觉中信息的提取和加工,也有研究试图从二者交互的角度来进行解释。此外,基于不同的实验目的和技术,研究者分别采用了眼动、背景提示、物体觉察、变化觉察和点线索追随几种不同的研究范式来探讨场景信息的知觉问题。场景知觉研究在场景的定义、不同范式间的整合、研究内部效度和不同加工阶段的加工方式四个方面还需要进一步深入和探讨 相似文献
238.
创伤后心理复原的生理机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
心理复原是个体在经历对生命具有威胁的事件或严重的创伤后仍然能回复到良好适应状况的现象。对心理复原生理机制的研究存在两种研究取向:或从个人能力的角度,或从发展结果的角度。创伤记忆的抑制、大脑的可塑性、神经生物的调节以及基因、气质、情绪调节、认知过程、早期经验等保护因子的影响机制是研究的主要内容。文章最后对今后的研究进行了展望 相似文献
239.
Dr Peter H. Langford 《Australian journal of psychology》2009,61(4):185-198
This study presents evidence supporting the psychometric properties of the Voice Climate Survey: an employee opinion survey that measures work practices and outcomes. The tool is tested across 13,729 employees from 1,279 business units representing approximately 1,000 organisations. Exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and internal reliability analyses support 31 lower‐order work practices and outcomes that aggregate into seven higher‐order work systems broadly covering practices and outcomes such as organisational direction, ethics, resources, involvement, recognition, development, teamwork, wellness, work/life balance, change management, customer satisfaction, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and employees' intention to stay. External validation of the tool is demonstrated by linking scores from the employee survey with independent manager reports of turnover, absenteeism, productivity, health and safety, goal attainment, financial performance, change management, innovation and customer satisfaction. 相似文献
240.