The effects of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio on ratings of female attractiveness, fecundity, and health

This paper examines the effects of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on people’s perceptions of female attractiveness and fecundity. One hundred and two participants (51 females) were asked to rate 18 line drawings, varying across three BMI and six WHR levels, on seven different attributes (‘healthy’, ‘fertile’, ‘youthful’, ‘intelligent’, ‘nurturing’, ‘flirty’, and ‘attractive’). Line drawings manipulated arm and leg thickness while keeping torso WHR consistent, thus unconfounding previously confounded variables. The data were analysed through a doubly multivariate analysis of variance. Effect sizes were larger for BMI than for WHR. Figures of average weight and a WHR of 0.7 were rated as most attractive and healthy. Overall, the results demonstrate that the effects of BMI and WHR on perceptions of attractiveness and fecundity are interdependent and should be studied concurrently rather than in isolation.     

印象整饰的测量及其在人力资源管理中的应用

印象整饰是一个人通过一定的方式影响别人形成对自己的印象的过程。近年来,印象整饰日益受到心理学、组织科学的关注,成为一个重要的研究变量。本文回顾了印象整饰的研究脉络,评介了4种印象整饰的测量工具,概述了印象整饰和人力资源管理关系的研究。对我国开展印象整饰方面的研究特别是组织中的应用提供了一些建议和思路。     

质性研究中编码者信度的多种方法考察

质性研究中检验编码者信度的方法有归类一致性指数、编码信度系数、相关系数、中位数检验、概化系数等。基于教师胜任力访谈数据集,对编码者信度考察结果表明,归类一致性指数和编码信度系数受相同编码数影响而不稳定,相关系数受数据类型制约,中位数检验受研究设计影响,概化系数则受编码者和编码项目的数量影响。研究中须合理选用。     

Consumers Felt Commitment Towards Retailers: Index Development and Validation

This work seeks to develop an index of the consumer's felt commitment towards the retailer through a formative scale. By using structural equation modeling (SEM), in particular the multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model, as well as reflective and formative indicators, the methodology developed by Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer is applied in order to construct this index. To clarify the whole meaning of the concept, the article undertakes a thorough review of literature on felt commitment and formative index development. Several MIMIC models are developed in order to validate the index. The empirical study was carried out in the financial services sector.     

一种特殊的计算机指点装置追踪球的操作活动研究

探讨在指点定位中目标方向、大小和距离对食指和拇指操纵追踪球的运动时间的效应 ,并由此建立了两种追踪球的菲茨模型。用绩效指数比较了不同指点装置的操作绩效 ,对追踪球的优化设计提出了建议。     

优秀护士"Y-G人格测验"特异性指标的研究

采用“Y-G人格测验”问卷及自制职业自评、他评调查表,分析比较了优秀护士与一般护士的人格特质、性格类型的差异。结果表明：优秀护士与一般护士在2种性格类型、7个人格特质上存在显著差异或差异趋势;提示从“Y-G人格测验”中提取护士人格特异性指标具有可行性;优秀护士人格特质的特异性指标可折射其性格类型、对开发护士职业心理素质研究的应用工具有一定价值。     

学业不良的相对性涵义及测定的实证研究

本文在介绍和分析了国内外关于学业不良概念以及在心理学限定方面差异的基础上,就学业不良的相对性涵义进行了探讨,并对我国相对性学业不良者的测定进行了实证研究。其主要涉及到关于学业不良的相对性涵义、美国与我国对相对性学业不良者实际心理限定方面的差异;研究了“智力-成绩差距”的测定问题,包括客观判定标准值、自我主观认知因素的测定和教师的观察判定。     

领导-部属交换的多维结构及对工作绩效和情境绩效的影响

通过两项研究,对领导-部属交换的结构及其对员工的工作绩效和情境绩效进行了探讨。采用探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、分层回归分析等方法对来自不同企业的员工及其主管的问卷调查结果进行了分析。 结果表明,领导-部属交换是一个多维度的结构,由情感、忠诚、贡献和专业尊敬四个维度组成。单维度的领导-部属交换和多维度的领导-部属交换都对员工的工作绩效和情境绩效具有预测作用,但多维度领导-部属交换的预测作用更强。     

权力操作范式的分析与比较

从认知的视角研究权力已是目前权力研究的主流,但权力的认知研究结果和外部效度均受制于其实验操作范式.对国外现有权力操作范式进行分析,可在促进其完善的同时,更对建构适合中国背景下的权力操作方式有一定的借鉴意义.从对现有主流权力操作范式,即奖惩法、回忆法、信息控制法、具体数值法、BATNA法、语义唤起等方法介绍,以及对其实证应用与检验结果中,可以明显对比出各种范式的优势与不足.现有学者较少意识到该点,使用各范式时不加区分,这引起了各范式在适用研究、多等级操作、相关概念操作等方面的混乱.未来研究仍需从角色分配、区分自我权力与他人权力操作、操作检验等角度,改进现有权力操作范式.     

The Factor Structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in University Students

The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is a widely used measure of perfectionism. Previous studies of the nature of the factors of the FMPS have resulted in mixed findings and have failed to identify a stable factor structure. This study investigated the factor structure of the FMPS using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), addressing previous methodological limitations. Participants were 6,449 students from two Australian universities. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a five‐factor model and a reduction in variables from 35 to 29 (FMPS‐29). CFA demonstrated goodness of fit of the revised measure. We also compared our model with a number of existing measurement models of perfection and found the proposed model provided a superior fit for this university student population. Support was found for the two second‐order constructs commonly referred to as adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, although there appears to be little benefit in using this model over the first‐order model. Implications of the findings are discussed.