Reliability of the Wraparound Observation Form: An Instrument to Measure the Wraparound Process

Within the past decade, the wraparound approach has gained significant popularity in providing services to children with challenging social and family needs. While a plethora of wraparound programs have been developed and studies have been conducted to assess their effectiveness, the need to develop instruments that measure the implementation of wraparound services is clear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of a scale that measures wraparound services. In this study, the Wraparound Observation Form (WOF), was developed to evaluate the implementation of the wraparound process in treatment planning meetings. The WOF includes 34 closed-ended items that requires the respondent to note the occurrence or non-occurrence of specific events or behaviors at treatment planning meetings. In the present study, two data collectors attended planning meetings and independently completed the WOF. The inter-rater reliability was 95%. The WOF appears to be a reliable instrument and be appropriate in evaluating wraparound services.     

领导授权赋能行为的维度确认与测量

采用实证研究的方法对中国企业情境下领导授权赋能行为（empowering leadership behavior）的维度及其测量进行了研究。首先采用开放式问卷收集了877条领导授权赋能行为的描述,归类分析表明,中国企业情境下的领导授权赋能行为包括9个类别,并在此基础上形成了封闭式问卷。201份有效问卷的探索性因子分析表明,领导授权赋能行为是一个6因素的结构,具体包括：个人发展支持、过程控制、权力委任、结果和目标控制、参与决策、工作指导。为了进一步验证领导授权赋能行为的结构效度,并考察问卷的信度和预测效度,在2家企业进行了问卷调查,获得了420份有效问卷。验证性因子分析确认了领导授权赋能行为的结构效度,内部一致性分析和回归分析的结果也表明,基于我国企业管理者的领导授权赋能行为量表具有较好的信度和效度,其对下属的心理授权赋能感、工作满意度和情感承诺等工作结果有一定预测作用     

“How much do you like your name?” An implicit measure of global self-esteem

We introduce a single-item implicit measure of global self-esteem. The measure is based on the mere-ownership effect and asks participants to indicate how much they like their name. Six studies attested to the validity of this measure. In addition to showing high test-retest reliability (r = .85), the studies found that Name-Liking was (a) unrelated to impression management, (b) positively related to the Name-Letter-Task, the Self-Esteem IAT, explicit self-esteem measures, and self-reported subjective well-being, (c) more strongly related to explicit measures of global than domain-specific self-esteem, (d) more strongly related to self-esteem judgments made spontaneously as well as under cognitive load, and (e) predicted observer-reported anxiety during an anxiety-inducing interview whereas an explicit measure of self-esteem did not.     

责任心的多元研究与测量

责任心研究理论背景的多元性,决定了其测量方法和研究结果的多元特征。文章介绍了心理动力学、人格心理学领域和社会认知等不同领域的责任心测量探索;并对责任心测量方法的发展做了整理,如责任心的自评与他评测量、个体与团队水平测量、经典与项目反应理论测量和外显测量与内隐测量;最后根据责任心三侧面的理论构想,讨论了责任心测量的未来发展。     

Similarity based approximate reasoning: fuzzy control

This paper presents an approach to similarity based approximate reasoning that elucidates the connection between similarity and existing approaches to inference in approximate reasoning methodology. A set of axioms is proposed to get a reasonable measure of similarity between two fuzzy sets. The similarity between the fact(s) and the antecedent of a rule is used to modify the relation between the antecedent and the consequent of the rule. An inference is drawn using the well-known projection operation on the domain of the consequent. Zadeh's compositional rule of inference and existing similarity based reasoning techniques are considered for a new similarity based approximate reasoning technique. The proposed mechanism is used to develop a modified fuzzy control system. A new defuzzification scheme is proposed. Simulation results are presented for the well-known inverted pendulum problem.     

大学生对一般生活事件和意外事故的乐观和悲观偏差估计：直接和间接测量的比较

研究考查了大学生对一般生活事件和意外事故的乐观与悲观偏差,并检验不同测量方法是否会产生不同结果。通过对273名大学生进行问卷研究,结果发现：（1）在直接和间接测量时,被试对一般消极事件、意外事故存在乐观偏差,对幸免于意外事故存在悲观偏差;但对一般积极事件,被试在直接测量时出现乐观偏差,在间接测量时为悲观偏差。（2）在两种方法中,被试对意外事故的乐观偏差皆高于一般消极事件,但一般积极事件与幸免于意外事故的结果在直接测量时有显著差异,而在间接测量中差异不显著。（3）在直接测量时,消极事件的发生频率越低乐观偏差越严重,积极事件的发生频率越低则悲观偏差越严重;在间接测量中事件频率与偏差结果相关不显著。     

消费者品牌联想的建立与测量

品牌联想即记忆中与品牌结点联结的信息结点,它们构成品牌形象,是品牌资产的重要组成部分,具有网络结构性、聚类性、双向性、隐喻性、内隐性和多维性等特点。品牌联想是消费者购买决策和品牌忠诚的基础,因此企业需要建立独特、强烈、有利和深层次的品牌联想群以区别于竞争品牌。对品牌联想的测量包括识别联想内容及其网络结构。品牌联想概念的界定和维度模型的构建、测量方法的改进等都是将来仍需深入研究的问题     

青少年亲社会倾向量表的修订

本研究以青少年群体为样本,对Carlo编制的亲社会倾向量表(PTM)进行修订。根据我国文化背景和青少年发展的具体状况建立了理论构想,并进行了四次测查,根据第一次测量结果在依从维度上增加了三个项目,增加了反向问题,对所有项目的表述做了必要的修改。又根据随后的测查结果删除了利他维度上的两个项目,修订后的PTM六个分量表——公开的、匿名的、利他的、依从的、情绪性的、紧急的内部一致性信度分别为0.708、0.778、0.755、0.738、0.726、0.561,各分量表与总量表的相关分别为0.494、0.758、0.801、0.800、0.789、0.803。量表的修订结果与Carlo在美国的修订结果较为接近,具有良好的心理学测量指标。     

内隐学习研究40年

内隐学习至今已有40年的研究历史。在这期间,内隐学习的研究对象、研究方法和本质特征都得到了深入和扩展。主要体现在：内隐学习的研究材料从同时性刺激走向序时性刺激;内隐学习的研究方法从主观阈限的测量逐渐扩展到客观阈限测量,又再回到主观阈限测量之上;内隐学习的本质特征从抽象到具体,再落脚于熟悉性     

Relations among personality scales of aggression,violence, and empathy: Validational evidence bearing on the risk of eruptive violence scale

This study was designed to explore relations of emotional empathy (two scales) with aggression and violence (three scales). An initial study investigated validity of one of the violence scales, the Risk of Eruptive Violence Scale (REV), by comparing individual REV scores with individual histories of criminal violence for a sample of incarcerated juveniles. Validity of the REV was supported by a very strong correlation of .71 between REV scores and the amount of criminal violence in this homogeneous sample. The second study yielded positive intercorrelations among measures of aggression and violence, positive intercorrelations among measures of emotional empathy, and negative correlations (ranging from –.22 to –.50, P < .05) of measures of aggression and violence with measures of emotional empathy. Analyses of the five scales in terms of the Pleasure-Arousability-Dominance (PAD) Temperament Model helped explain similarities of the emotional empathy scales with other individual difference measures of prosocial orientation (e.g., affiliation). PAD analyses also explained some paradoxical effects of experimental "empathy arousal" on aggression toward victims. Aggr. Behav. 23:433–445, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.