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221.
222.
The present paper discusses the phenomenological approach to art-therapy and suggests an operational terminology for its main theoretical concepts. First we present the general assumptions that underline art therapy. Definitions, leading approaches, and the therapeutic effect of artwork are considered. Next we indicate the need for relevant and particular theories of art therapy. Phenomenological theory is examined as a case in point because of its popularity among art therapists. Despite its philosophical appeal, however, we find phenomenological theory lacking the operational terminology that is essential to form a coherent and distinct school of therapy. In the present paper, we extract from phenomenological theory operational principles, which can be followed and applied by art therapists. In this analysis, we take into consideration Betensky's pioneer attempt to create the bridge between phenomenological theory as applied in verbal psychotherapy and art therapy. We end by discussing the urgent need to operationalize other verbal psychotherapeutic theories so they are relevant for art-therapy practice and may help create greater similarities among art therapists of the same school of psychotherapy. 相似文献
223.
Jennifer Karp Lisa A. Serbin Dale M. Stack Alex E. Schwartzman 《Infant and child development》2004,13(2):135-158
This study demonstrates the potential utility of the Behavioural Style Observational System (BSOS) as a new observational measure of children's behavioural style. The BSOS is an objective, short and easy to use measure that can be readily adapted to a variety of home and laboratory situations. In the present study, 160 mother–child dyads from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project (CLRP) were observed during an 11‐min behavioural sample. Videotaped interactions were coded using the BSOS for children's mood, activity level, vocal reactivity, approach to toys, mood consistency and adaptability. Comparisons between the BSOS observational ratings and mothers' ratings of the child on the EAS Temperament Survey (EAS) provided support for modest congruence between these two measurement systems, and revealed a differential predictive pattern of children's functioning. Specifically, the observation‐based BSOS predicted children's cognitive performance and adaptive behaviour during testing, whereas the mother‐rated EAS predicted maternal ratings of children's internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems. Both measures were found to independently predict mothers' ratings of parenting stress. Overall, the findings imply that neither observational measures nor maternal ratings alone are sufficient to understand children's behavioural style, and that comprehensive evaluations of children's temperament should optimally include both types of measures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
224.
论心理学发展的困境与出路 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25
近年来西方心理学家对心理学发展取向提出强烈批评。综合各家所论,心理学以往发展的困境乃是由于:(1)自哲学心理学到科学心理学对人性解释的理论始终纷歧,以致无法形成常规科学条件;(2)科学心理学自始即标榜自然科学而缺独立意识;(3)强调科学方法,忽视人性特质而陷入削足适履困境。因此,今后国内心理学的发展势不能再全盘西化,而应在人性特质与本土文化基础上吸取西方心理学精义,针对国人心理特质研究发展出属於自己的理论与应用心理学。本文最后提出的四会能力教学构想,希望对本土文化取向应用心理学的研究发挥一点抛砖引玉作用。 相似文献
225.
Alison Sewell 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2009,14(1):5-16
Findings from my doctoral research suggest that the reciprocal relationships within a learning community can evoke and nurture children's spirituality. The study investigated the development of a community of learners in four primary school classrooms in Aotearoa New Zealand. A key finding of this study showed that when teachers and children learned together, shared decisions, and respected and trusted one another, changes were observed in some children that could not be explained in intellectual, social or emotional terms. Further analyses of these data revealed qualities that pointed to a spiritual essence. This paper presents these spiritually themed results and explores the argument that the caring, responsive and reciprocal relationships of a community of learners can provide opportunities for spiritual development. 相似文献
226.
To build a true conscious robot requires that a robot’s “brain” be capable of supporting the phenomenal consciousness as human’s
brain enjoys. Operational Architectonics framework through exploration of the temporal structure of information flow and inter-area
interactions within the network of functional neuronal populations [by examining topographic sharp transition processes in
the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) on the millisecond scale] reveals and describes the EEG architecture which is analogous
to the architecture of the phenomenal world. This suggests that the task of creating the “machine” consciousness would require
a machine implementation that can support the kind of hierarchical architecture found in EEG.
相似文献
Andrew A. FingelkurtsEmail: |
227.
228.
This waitlist-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of a short version of a group CBT for BED followed by booster sessions after the active treatment phase. Thirty-six females with BED were randomly assigned to CBT (eight weekly sessions during active treatment plus five booster sessions during follow-up) or a waitlist condition. At the end of the active treatment, binge eating was significantly reduced relative to waitlist. Furthermore, at 12-month follow-up short-term CBT produced significant improvements in binge eating symptoms relative to baseline. Findings suggest that the short-term CBT followed by booster sessions may provide a valuable treatment option for patients with BED. 相似文献
229.
Research on the association between personality traits and driving behavior as well as accident involvement has produced mixed results. In order to obtain empirical evidence for a consistent relation between personality and driving behavior, a prototype approach based on the Five-Factor Model (FFM) was applied. In two samples of drivers, cluster analyses of FFM scales revealed three prototypes that replicate previous ones. The prototypes, labeled Resilient, Overcontrolled, and Undercontrolled, were found to differ reliably in accident involvement and driving behavior, indicating differential accident liability. Undercontrollers are the most problematic drivers followed by Resilients, whereas Overcontrollers most consistently obey traffic rules and drive accordingly. 相似文献
230.
Ezequiel Di Paolo 《Topoi》2009,28(1):9-21
This paper reformulates some of the questions raised by extended mind theorists from an enactive, life/mind continuity perspective.
Because of its reliance on concepts such as autopoiesis, the enactive approach has been deemed internalist and thus incompatible
with the extended mind hypothesis. This paper answers this criticism by showing (1) that the relation between organism and
cogniser is not one of co-extension, (2) that cognition is a relational phenomenon and thereby has no location, and (3) that
the individuality of a cogniser is inevitably linked with the question of its autonomy, a question ignored by the extended
mind hypothesis but for which the enactive approach proposes a precise, operational, albeit non-functionalist answer. The
paper raises a pespective of embedded and intersecting forms of autonomous identity generation, some of which correspond to
the canonical cases discussed in the extended mind literature, but on the whole of wider generality. In addressing these issues,
this paper proposes unbiased, non-species specific definitions of cognition, agency and mediation, thus filling in gaps in
the extended mind debates that have led to paradoxical situations and a problematic over-reliance on intutions about what
counts as cognitive.
相似文献
Ezequiel Di PaoloEmail: |