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971.
972.
采用自编数学应用题解决能力测验题对小学四年级单纯型数困儿童、混合型数困儿童和普通儿童问题理解阶段、问题整合阶段的差异,以及问题表征能力与数学问题解决之间的关系进行探究。结果表明:(1)单纯型与混合型数困儿童有效识别信息的能力弱,难于利用相关信息和排除干扰信息。(2)单纯型数困儿童比混合型数困儿童更擅于运用图式表征策略。(3)图式表征策略能促进数困儿童应用题的解决。 相似文献
973.
以360名初中生为被试, 使用推箱子游戏, 结合游戏日志文件(log-file)和机器学习技术预测学生的推理能力和数学成绩。预测变量是从推箱子的过程数据中提取的一系列特征指标, 结果变量是瑞文推理测验成绩和数学成绩, 且均以25%为高低分组的临界值转换为二分变量。结果发现, 训练的模型预测推理能力最高能获得76.11%的查准率、65.72%的精确率、63.10%的查全率以及65.01%的F1得分; 预测数学成绩最高能获得83.07%的查准率、73.70%的精确率、73.33%的查全率以及75.57%的F1得分。研究结果说明, 机器学习建立的区分模型具有较好的预测效果, 利用log-file所记录的游戏过程数据可以对个体的能力进行有效预测。 相似文献
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975.
专业化视野内的心理咨询师培训问题研究——对中国大陆心理咨询师培训八年来现状的反思 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
专业化是职业发展的重要趋势,心理咨询师也概莫能外.为了促进中国大陆心理咨询师职业的专业化发展,有必要从专业化的角度,反思中国大陆心理咨询师职业化发展八年来在培训对象、培训内容、培训模式等方面存在的主要问题,并就如何解决这些问题提出对策. 相似文献
976.
ABSTRACT— A sudden comprehension that solves a problem, reinterprets a situation, explains a joke, or resolves an ambiguous percept is called an insight (i.e., the " Aha! moment"). Psychologists have studied insight using behavioral methods for nearly a century. Recently, the tools of cognitive neuroscience have been applied to this phenomenon. A series of studies have used electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neural correlates of the " Aha! moment" and its antecedents. Although the experience of insight is sudden and can seem disconnected from the immediately preceding thought, these studies show that insight is the culmination of a series of brain states and processes operating at different time scales. Elucidation of these precursors suggests interventional opportunities for the facilitation of insight. 相似文献
977.
In two experiments, we studied how people’s strategy choices emerge through an initial and then a more considered evaluation of available strategies. The experiments employed a computer-based paradigm where participants solved multiplication problems using mental and calculator solutions. In addition to recording responses and solution times, we gathered data on mouse cursor movements. Participants’ motor behavior was revealing; although people rapidly initiated movement to the calculator box or the answer input box, they frequently changed their minds and went to the other box. Movement initiation direction depended on problem difficulty and calculator responsiveness. Ultimate strategy selection also depended on these factors, but was further influenced by movement initiation direction. We conclude that strategy selection is iterative, as revealed by these differences between early cursor movement and eventual strategy implementation. After rapidly initiating movement favoring one strategy, people carefully evaluate the applicability of that strategy in the current context. 相似文献
978.
Matthew J. Rellihan 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(2):313-338
How can abductive reasoning be physical, feasible, and reliable? This is Fodor’s riddle of abduction, and its apparent intractability is the cause of Fodor’s recent pessimism regarding the prospects for cognitive science. I argue that this riddle can be solved if we augment the computational theory of mind to allow for non-computational mental processes, such as those posited by classical associationists and contemporary connectionists. The resulting hybrid theory appeals to computational mechanisms to explain the semantic coherence of inference and associative mechanisms to explain the efficient retrieval of relevant information from memory. The interaction of these mechanisms explains how abduction can be physical, feasible, and reliable. 相似文献
979.
Caspar Hare 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(1):111-130
Here’s one piece of practical reasoning: “If I do this then a person will reap some benefits and suffer some costs. On balance,
the benefits outweigh the costs. So I ought to do it.” Here’s another: “If I do this then one person will reap some benefits
and another will suffer some costs. On balance, the benefits to the one person outweigh the costs to the other. So I ought
to do it.” Many influential philosophers say that there is something dubious about the second piece of reasoning. They say
that it makes sense to trade-off costs and benefits within lives, but not across lives. In this paper I make a case for the second piece of reasoning. My case turns on the existence of morphing sequences—sequences of possible states of affairs across which people transform smoothly into other people.
相似文献
Caspar HareEmail: |
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