全文获取类型
收费全文 | 993篇 |
免费 | 196篇 |
国内免费 | 118篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 62篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 61篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 53篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 130篇 |
2012年 | 36篇 |
2011年 | 48篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 75篇 |
2007年 | 73篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 56篇 |
2004年 | 45篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1307条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
Chrisoula Andreou 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(3):415-422
A variety of thought experiments suggest that, if the standard picture of practical rationality is correct, then practical
rationality is sometimes an obstacle to practical success. For some, this in turn suggests that there is something wrong with
the standard picture. In particular, it has been argued that we should revise the standard picture so that practical rationality
and practical success emerge as more closely connected than the current picture allows. In this paper, I construct a choice
situation—which I refer to as the Newxin puzzle—and discuss its implications in relation to the revisionist approach just
described. Using the Newxin puzzle, I argue that the approach leads to a more radically revisionist picture of practical rationality
than current debate suggests.
相似文献
Chrisoula AndreouEmail: |
942.
Although the K-means algorithm for minimizing the within-cluster sums of squared deviations from cluster centroids is perhaps the most common
method for applied cluster analyses, a variety of other criteria are available. The p-median model is an especially well-studied clustering problem that requires the selection of p objects to serve as cluster centers. The objective is to choose the cluster centers such that the sum of the Euclidean distances
(or some other dissimilarity measure) of objects assigned to each center is minimized. Using 12 data sets from the literature,
we demonstrate that a three-stage procedure consisting of a greedy heuristic, Lagrangian relaxation, and a branch-and-bound
algorithm can produce globally optimal solutions for p-median problems of nontrivial size (several hundred objects, five or more variables, and up to 10 clusters). We also report
the results of an application of the p-median model to an empirical data set from the telecommunications industry. 相似文献
943.
The Early Intervention for Children at Risk for Developing Behavioral Problems (EICR) is a community-wide intervention model preventing and treating problem behavior and promoting social competence in children. The aim of the study was to test whether EICR would result in fewer incidences of problem behavior and improved learning climate in elementary schools in a Norwegian municipality. The municipality was divided in two, each section having equal chance of being assigned to the intervention condition. Participants were principals and school staff. One year after the initiation of EICR, the prevalence of student problem behavior was significantly lower, and student relations were significantly better for schools located in the intervention area than for schools located in the comparison area. The findings support further development, implementation and research on the EICR model. 相似文献
944.
945.
本研究以探索家庭功能发挥过程和发挥结果之间的关系并检验两者对青少年情绪问题的作用大小和机制为目的,采用Skinner等人编制的家庭评价量表(FAM,测量家庭功能发挥过程)和Olson编制的家庭适应性、亲密度量表(FACESⅢ,测量家庭功能发挥结果)、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对422名中学生进行匿名问卷施测,通过相关分析、分层回归和结构方程模型统计分析发现:(1)总体上青少年的情绪处于良好状态;(2)家庭功能发挥过程和发挥结果各变量之间呈显著相关;(3)家庭功能发挥过程比家庭功能发挥结果对青少年情绪问题预测作用更大;(4)家庭功能发挥结果是家庭功能发挥过程与青少年情绪问题的部分中介变量。 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
The present study explores to what extent Asian elephants show “means–end” behavior. We used captive Asian elephants (N = 2) to conduct four variations of the Piagetian “support” problem, which involves a goal object that is out of reach, but
rests on a support within reach. In the first condition, elephants were simultaneously presented with two identical trays
serving as the “support”, with the bait on one tray and the other tray left empty. In the next two conditions, the bait was
placed on one tray, while additional bait was placed beside the other tray. In the last condition, both trays contained bait,
but one of the trays had a small gap which prevented the elephants from reaching the reward. Subjects were required to choose
and pull either tray with their trunk and to obtain the bait (i.e. goal). Results showed that one elephant performed all of
the support problems significantly above chance after several sessions, suggesting that the elephant was capable of understanding
that pulling the tray was the “means” for achieving the “end” of obtaining the bait. This study showed that elephants show
means–end behavior when subjected to a Piagetian “support” task, and indicates that such goal-directed behavior occurs in
species other than primates. 相似文献
949.
It is widely accepted that providing stimulus enrichment is an important part of the development and maintenance of behavior and well-being in mammals. However, extending this idea to non-avian reptiles has barely been explored, certainly as an aid to cognitive development. Monitor lizards have a reputation for being highly curious and intelligent lizards, but quantitative experiments are necessary to evaluate such impressions as well as the value of providing enrichment to captive squamate reptiles. In this study eight juvenile black-throated monitors, Varanus albigularis, were tested in their home enclosures with three presentations, at weekly intervals, of a novel task apparatus: a transparent food tube containing several prey. The food tube allowed the monitors to obtain prey by using hinged doors at either end of the tube to access food. All eight lizards learned to open the tube, insert head, and capture the prey within 10 min in the first trial. By the second trial, both mean latencies to access the tube and capture the first prey item decreased significantly, as did the use of ineffective responses such as shaking the tube. A further slight decrease occurred in the third trial. Due to the results of this and similar studies, serious consideration should be given to further testing of cognitive abilities in squamate reptiles. Incorporating problem solving tasks may also be useful to increase the activity level and captive well-being of squamate reptiles, especially monitor lizards. 相似文献
950.
Laidre ME 《Animal cognition》2008,11(2):223-230
Although the technical problem-solving expertise of nonhuman primates has been investigated extensively in captivity, few
species have been tested in their natural habitats. Here I examine the physical cognition of wild savanna baboons (Papio anubis), a species that occupies an omnivorous foraging niche in which a variety of embedded food items are extracted and processed.
Baboons were tested on three puzzles, each involving high-quality food that required removal from a novel obstruction: (1)
a string-pulling puzzle in which food was hung from tree branches, (2) a twig-dipping puzzle in which food was embedded in
a vertical tube, and (3) a stick-pushing puzzle in which food was contained in a horizontal conduit. The baboons failed to
solve the second and third puzzles even when tools had been appropriately positioned in advance. And although they solved
the first puzzle, their actions (running while holding food that was still attached to the string), suggested they did not
fully comprehend the string’s connective property. The baboons’ performance might reflect the time constraints of life in
the wild, which relative to captivity may provide fewer opportunities for the development of understanding about the physical
properties of objects and their potential uses as tools. Further experiments on the physical cognition of baboons and many
other primate species in their natural habitats would help test this ontogenetic hypothesis. Such field experiments would
be especially fruitful if they continued to target extractive foragers like baboons: these experiments could simultaneously
provide a test of phylogenetic hypotheses that invoke extractive foraging as the key stimulus for brain expansion in savanna-dwelling
hominids.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献