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281.
Six women and six men reproduced ten time intervals varying in logarithmic steps between 1.3 and 20 s. The durations were indicated by white noise of 10, 25, 40 and 55 dB SL, different sound intensities in different sessions. It was found that (i) greater sound intensity entails shorter reproductions, and (ii) reproductions by male observers are shorter than those by female, although for both (i) and (ii) there is an interaction with the standard durations. The data were treated in accordance with the "parallel-clock model" (Eisler, 1975), whereby the parameters of the psychophysical power function are determined from duration reproduction data. As in previous experiments (Eisler, 1975), the data showed a break in the function entailing two segments. The effect of sound intensity could be attributed to the exponent, which was lower for stronger noise, and the effect of sex to the weight coefficient of the upper relative to the lower segment of the psychophysical function, the coefficient being lower for men. 相似文献
282.
James Yerkes 《Zygon》1998,33(3):431-442
Adjustments in the understanding of the relation of religion and science since the Enlightenment require new considerations in epistemology and metaphysics. Constructionist theories of knowledge and process theories of metaphysics better provide the new paradigms needed both to preserve and to limit the significance of each field of human understanding. In a course taught at Moravian College, this perspective is applied to the concepts of nature, reality, and the sacred, with a view to showing how we might develop one such paradigm. Key resources for this task are to be found in the work of artist René Magritte; theologians Langdon Gilkey, Arthur Peacocke, and John Haught; philosophers and historians of science Alfred North Whitehead, Timothy Ferris, Ernan Mc Mullin, and Ian Barbour; philosopher of religion Paul Ricoeur; and historians of religion Rudolph Otto and Mircea Eliade. Such a new paradigm calls for an ecologically sensitive religious awareness which is both sacramental and holistic. 相似文献
283.
Mathematical giftedness refers to mastery in a specific mathematical domain at an earlier than expected age. The present study examined which cognitive processes accounted for differences in mathematical reasoning between gifted children (MRG) and their typically achieving peers (TA). Naming speed, phonological awareness, short-term memory, executive functioning, and working memory were examined in 51 children aged approximately 7 years. A series of stepwise regression models, using a contrast variable to capture differences in mathematical reasoning between MRG and TA children, were created to examine which cognitive domains accounted for differences in mathematical reasoning. Short-term memory (r2?=?.08) and visual-spatial working memory (r2?=?.39) emerged as the only cognitive predictors within a model that included gender, age, and fluid intelligence. This model captured all of the variance distinguishing mathematics reasoning between MRG and TA children, explaining an overall contribution of 70% of the variance in mathematical reasoning. 相似文献
284.
285.
Joop Leo 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2008,37(4):353-385
In the ordinary way of representing relations, the order of the relata plays a structural role, but in the states themselves such an order often does not seem to be intrinsically present. An alternative way to represent relations makes use of positions for the arguments. This is no problem for the love relation, but for relations like the adjacency relation and cyclic relations, different assignments of objects to the positions can give exactly the same states. This is a puzzling situation. The question is what is the internal structure of relations? Is the use of positions still justified, and if so, what is their ontological status? In this paper mathematical models for relations are developed that provide more insight into the structure of relations “out there” in the real world. 相似文献
286.
A defence of informational structural realism 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Luciano Floridi 《Synthese》2008,161(2):219-253
This is the revised version of an invited keynote lecture delivered at the 1st Australian Computing and Philosophy Conference (CAP@AU; the Australian National University in Canberra, 31 October–2 November, 2003). The paper is divided into two parts. The first
part defends an informational approach to structural realism. It does so in three steps. First, it is shown that, within the
debate about structural realism (SR), epistemic (ESR) and ontic (OSR) structural realism are reconcilable. It follows that
a version of OSR is defensible from a structuralist-friendly position. Second, it is argued that a version of OSR is also
plausible, because not all relata (structured entities) are logically prior to relations (structures). Third, it is shown that a version of OSR is also applicable
to both sub-observable (unobservable and instrumentally-only observable) and observable entities, by developing its ontology
of structural objects in terms of informational objects. The outcome is informational structural realism, a version of OSR supporting the ontological commitment to a view of the world as the totality of informational objects dynamically
interacting with each other. The paper has been discussed by several colleagues and, in the second half, ten objections that
have been moved to the proposal are answered in order to clarify it further. 相似文献
287.
看与思的方式:在意会与言传之间——医学人文困境与反思 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赵美娟 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(7)
一方面,在现象层面,反映的是人对自身生命尚缺乏应有的理解与有效掌控;另一方面,在药物技术的医事背后,反映的是医学的深层社会问题,即:医学关注的与真实生命需要的是否吻合?医学能做的与人希望的是否一致?医学是否需要反思未来走向? 相似文献
288.
Nino B. Cocchiarella 《Axiomathes》2008,18(1):1-24
Two fundamental categories of any ontology are the category of objects and the category of universals. We discuss the question
whether either of these categories can be infinite or not. In the category of objects, the subcategory of physical objects
is examined within the context of different cosmological theories regarding the different kinds of fundamental objects in
the universe. Abstract objects are discussed in terms of sets and the intensional objects of conceptual realism. The category
of universals is discussed in terms of the three major theories of universals: nominalism, realism, and conceptualism. The
finitude of mind pertains only to conceptualism. We consider the question of whether or not this finitude precludes impredicative
concept formation. An explication of potential infinity, especially as applied to concepts and expressions, is given. We also
briefly discuss a logic of plural objects, or groups of single objects (individuals), which is based on Bertrand Russell’s
(1903, The principles of mathematics, 2nd edn. (1938). Norton & Co, NY) notion of a class as many. The universal class as
many does not exist in this logic if there are two or more single objects; but the issue is undecided if there is just one
individual. We note that adding plural objects (groups) to an ontology with a countable infinity of individuals (single objects)
does not generate an uncountable infinity of classes as many.
相似文献
Nino B. CocchiarellaEmail: |
289.
引入Alexander领域知识概念形成数学学科领域知识,以七年级有理数单元为研究材料,编写问卷和E-Prime实验程序,筛选60名初中生为被试,考察数学学科领域知识和学业成绩对工作记忆广度的影响。研究发现:(1)学优生的认知过程知识和问题条件知识显著高于学困生,而学理内容知识差异不显著;(2)在简单加工任务上,学优生和学困生工作记忆广度差异不显著。在复杂任务上,学优生的工作记忆广度都显著高于学困生;(3)当工作记忆广度任务中存储部分的词语和数学学科领域知识相关时,问题条件知识分数和认知过程分数能够显著地预测工作记忆广度。而不相关时,仅问题条件知识分数能够显著地预测工作记忆广度。 相似文献
290.