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221.
KENNETH JUNGE 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1996,37(2):172-182
The graph space of P ( RN | RL ) vs. P ( RN ), probabilities of recognition given recall and overall recognition, is the setting for the Tulving-Wiseman (TW) function of recognition failure research. According to Hintzman (1991, 1992), the moderate scatter of data points about the TW curve is an artefactual regularity caused by a mathematical constraint when P ( RN ) < P ( RL ). However, both constrained and unconstrained (when P ( RN ) ≥ P ( RL )) points conform equally well to the TW function, consistent with the unobserved fact that the location of both kinds of points is determined by the same mathematical rule. Hintzman's claim that there is no regularity in the data plot when P ( RN ) < P ( RL ) other than that produced by the constraint is not supported by this study. He based his claim on an incorrect use of the measure of dependence (association) called gamma. The graph space corresponding to gamma is that of P ( RN | RL ) vs. P ( RN | nRL ), as shown by using the Bayes function (Bayes' theorem). The margin-free measure gamma is a function of two thetas, theta being a margin-sensitive measure of dependence that is the parameter of the Bayes function. The variance of gamma reflects the fact that it is compounded of the theta variances, so a margin-free measure is obtained at the expense of greater variability. 相似文献
222.
Mark W. Roosa Larry Dumka Jenn-Yun Tein 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(5):607-624
Structural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical model in which family cohesion and family reframing coping were
hypothesized as mediators between family drinking problems, multiple risk factors, negative life events, and child mental
health (conduct disorder, depression, anxiety) in two-parent families. Family cohesion mediated the relationships of family
drinking problems and negative life events to child conduct disorder and depression. Negative life events mediated the relationships
of family drinking problems and family multiple risk to child conduct disorder. Family reframing coping did not function as
a mediator nor was it related to child mental health when other factors were considered simultaneously. Results indicate that
increasing family cohesion and reducing sources of stress within the family (negative life events) represent promising areas
for interventions for children with problem-drinking parents.
Work on this study was funded in part by the National Institute for Mental Health Grant 2-P50-MH39246-06 to support a Preventive
Intervention Research Center. The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions made by Rita Shell, Marcia Michaels, Joanne
Gersten, George Knight, and Carolyn Berg. 相似文献
223.
224.
Jams S. Nelson 《Zygon》1995,30(2):267-280
Abstract. The concept of God's acting in the world has been seen to be problematic in light of the claims of scientific knowledge that the regularity of a law like universe rules out divine action. There are resources in both scientific knowledge and religion that can render meaningful and credible divine action. The new physics, chaos theory, cognitive psychology, and the concept of top-down causation are used to understand how God acts in the world. God's action is not an intervention, but is understood on the model of how the mind influences the brain in a downward causative manner. Suggestions for imagining God's actions are discussed. 相似文献
225.
Thomas G. Haring Ph.D. Catherine G. Breen M.A. Jan Weiner Ph.D. Craig H. Kennedy Ph.D. Florene Bednersh Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1995,5(1):29-53
Six students with moderate and severe disabilities were taught generalized purchasing skills through the use of videotape modeling in one, two, or three stores and in vivo instruction within one store. Training was conducted within three orders of treatments: (a) in vivo instruction followed by videotape training, (b) videotape training followed by in vivo instruction, and (c) concurrent videotape and in vivo instruction. Generalization probes were conducted in stores that were the same as those modeled on videotape, untrained stores that were infrequently probed (and never modeled on tape or taught directly), and novel stores that were probed only once after training. Results indicated the production of generalized purchasing skills by the students who received concurrent training and by the students who received sequential training. Videotape and in vivo training in isolation did not lead to generalized shopping skills. The results are discussed in terms of investigating the possible role of verbalization during videotape training on generalized responding and the effects of multiple probe interventions on inadvertent learning of critical skills.deceased. 相似文献
226.
227.
Fumiko Samejima 《Psychometrika》1997,62(4):471-493
Normal assumptions have been used in many psychometric methods, to the extent that most researchers do not even question their adequacy. With the rapid advancement of computer technologies in recent years, psychometrics has extended its territory to include intensive cognitive diagnosis, etcetera, and substantive mathematical modeling ha become essential. As a natural consequence, it is time to consider departure from normal assumptions seriously. As examples of models which are not based on normality or its approximation, the logistic positive exponent family of models is discussed. These models include the item task complexity as the third parameter, which determines the single principle of ordering individuals on the ability scale. 相似文献
228.
Winett RA Kramer KD Walker WB Malone SW Lane MK 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1988,21(1):73-80
We compared several procedures designed to modify consumer food purchases with the objectives of reducing fat and increasing carbohydrate content, and reducing dollar expenditures on food. Participants were 126 volunteer community households which, after a 7-week baseline period, were randomly assigned to video-modeling, video-modeling-feedback, video-lecture, video-lecture-feedback, participant-modeling, video-modeling-discussion, and control conditions. The main dependent measure was a weekly record of food purchases, convertible to percentages of nutrients and dollar expenditures. Results indicated that modeling-feedback and participant-modeling procedures were most effective (e.g., 6% reduction of total fat consumption, 19% dollar savings). Strategies to refine and automate modeling and feedback in supermarkets that may benefit consumers, corporations, and government are discussed. 相似文献
229.
Killeen PR 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1982,38(2):217-232
230.