脑激活水平和主观体验强度的定量关系

综合现有各种实验资料,推导对于同一个物理刺激,人的脑区激活水平和人的主观体验强度之间的定量关系,得到联系有关参量的一个数学公式.     

母亲评价与幼儿数学认知发展的关系

母亲对幼儿数学能力的评价是母亲教育观念的重要组成部分。研究运用问卷法与个别测查法,考察母亲对子女数学能力的评价与幼儿数学认知能力,并通过二者的一致程度揭示母亲评价其子女数学能力的准确性。研究发现,母亲对子女数学能力的评价存在明显的高估倾向;与母亲受教育水平及子女性别等因素不同,子女前期的数学成绩对母亲评价其数学能力的准确性存在显著影响;母亲对子女数学能力评价的准确性与子女数学认知发展水平存在显著的正相关,适当的高估对子女未来数学认知的发展最为有利     

The effect of conditioned reinforcement rate on choice: a review

We review the nature of conditioned reinforcement, including evidence that conditioned reinforcers maintain choice behavior in concurrent schedules and that they elevate responding in the terminal links of concurrent‐chains schedules. A question has resurfaced recently: Do theories of choice in concurrent‐chains schedules need to include a term reflecting greater preference for higher rates of conditioned reinforcement? The review of several studies addressing this point suggests that such a term is inappropriate. Elevated rates of conditioned reinforcement (and responding) in the terminal links of concurrent‐chains schedules do not lead to greater preference in the initial link leading to the higher rate of conditioned reinforcement. If anything, the opposite preference is likely to occur. This result is not surprising, since the additional putative conditioned reinforcers in the terminal link are not correlated with a reduction in time to primary reinforcement nor with an increase in value.     

不同解题条件下小学六年级学生真实性思考的研究

本研究采用7道真实性算术应用题构成的测试材料,考察了不同解题条件下小学六年级学生的真实性思考。选取优中差学生共74人,先在以班级为单位的数学测验中完成测试材料,然后进行事后个别访谈。结果表明：1）一般访谈显著地提高了学生真实性思考的水平;而访谈提示进一步显著地提高学生真实性思考的水平。2）不同学业水平学生之间在两次真实性思考提高量上都没有显著差异。3）在访谈中,优差学生在反应方式与真实性思考的层次性等方面表现出差异。基于这些研究结果,我们提出了相应的教育建议。     

初中生的数学估计能力及其与元认知监控的关系

抽取济南市四所中学初一至初三年级547名学生为被试,采用自行设计的数学估计任务和元认知状态问卷(SMI),考察了初中生数学估计能力的现状及其与元认知监控的关系。结果表明:初中生的估计能力总体较差,未显示出稳定的性别差异。元认知监控的四个维度与数学估计表现均存在显著的正相关。从元认知监控对估计成绩的回归分析来看,自我意识可以显著正向预测估计整体表现。其中,计划可以正向预测估数和估算成绩,自我意识可以正向预测估测和估算成绩。文章特别讨论了数学估计与元认知加工之间的具体联系。     

婴儿的数认知核心系统

在简要回顾双系统假设产生过程的基础上,重点分析了双系统理论的要点、工作机理、实验依据,具体包括小数量精确表征系统和大数量近似表征系统的实验依据.最后讨论了婴儿数量认知的行为和脑生理机制研究中的问题和争论点以及数量认知研究中的矛盾结果和方法局限,并探讨了婴儿数认知是独立的系统还是需要多系统联合参与等七个亟待解决的课题.     

数学不良儿童的书写运动控制特征

选取小学生47名,其中23名为数学不良,24名为一般儿童,使用数码写字板,测试二者在自然和双任务条件下,书写一条横线的速度、加速度。结果发现：（1）自然条件下书写,MD儿童的速度、加速度与一般儿童相一致,两者的差异均不显著。（2）双任务条件下书写,MD儿童的总体平均速度、加速度明显慢于一般儿童的,两者的差异均显著。     

循环系统的数学模型及仿真实验

循环系统建立数学模型与计算机仿真是一种新型研究方法。它将有关循环系统的生理和物理学知识整合起来 ,构成数学模型 ,然后进行计算机仿真研究。这种方法已应用于研究循环系统的生理及病理机制、疾病治疗手段和超常环境下循环障碍及其防护措施     

Mathematics and Theology: A Stroll through the Garden of Mathaphors

Mathematics has long been considered the language of science and has even been acknowledged as the universal language of the future. Yet mathematics also plays a less-recognized religious role in that metaphors drawn from mathematics (mathaphors) can influence our spiritual perspectives by helping us to entertain new religious ideas and to challenge old ones. Mathaphors are therefore useful tools in matheology (the study of mathematics and theology). This essay explores ten ways in which contemporary mathaphors affect our spiritual lives. Specifically, mathaphors are: changing our metaphors for God; challenging our human role in the universe; helping us accept ambiguity; revamping our understanding of the one and the many; revising our thoughts about free will and determinism; moving us toward pluralistic, multi-world views; pushing the envelope on what consciousness is; altering our expectations for afterlife; offering the hope of a more compassionate future; encouraging faith perspectives that are always incomplete and in process.